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Merck
CN
  • Aluminum disruption of calcium homeostasis and signal transduction resembles change that occurs in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Aluminum disruption of calcium homeostasis and signal transduction resembles change that occurs in aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD (2012-02-15)
J R Walton
摘要

Most humans living in industrialized societies are routinely exposed to bioavailable aluminum salts in the form of additives-in commercially-prepared foods, alum-clarified drinking water, certain pharmaceuticals, sunscreens, and other topical applications. Minute amounts of this aluminum are absorbed into the circulation. Trace aluminum levels cross the blood-brain barrier and progressively accumulate in large pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, cortex, and other brain regions vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease. More aluminum enters the brain than leaves, resulting in a net increase in intraneuronal aluminum with advancing age. Aluminum is responsible for two main types of toxic damage in cells. As a pro-oxidant, aluminum causes oxidative damage both on its own and in synergy with iron. Aluminum also competes with, and substitutes for, essential metals-primarily Mg2+, iron and Ca2+ ions-in or on proteins and their co-factors. The author hypothesizes that intraneuronal aluminum interferes with Ca2+ metabolism in the aged brain and describes a way to test this hypothesis. This paper reviews: 1) major changes that occur in brain Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling, subtly with aging and more overtly in Alzheimer's disease; and 2) evidence from the scientific literature that aluminum causes these same changes in neurons.

材料
Product Number
品牌
产品描述

Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 8 μm, 99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 2.5mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
铝, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 20mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, mesh, 300x300mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.02mm, hard, 99.99%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
铝, mesh, 900x900mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 19mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.029g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 6.0mm, 99%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 2 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 0.55mm, inside diameter 0.4mm, wall thickness 0.075mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 10mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.30mm, inside diameter 0.2mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 8 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%