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Merck
CN
  • Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity.

Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity.

Immunologic research (2013-04-24)
C A Shaw, L Tomljenovic
摘要

We have examined the neurotoxicity of aluminum in humans and animals under various conditions, following different routes of administration, and provide an overview of the various associated disease states. The literature demonstrates clearly negative impacts of aluminum on the nervous system across the age span. In adults, aluminum exposure can lead to apparently age-related neurological deficits resembling Alzheimer's and has been linked to this disease and to the Guamanian variant, ALS-PDC. Similar outcomes have been found in animal models. In addition, injection of aluminum adjuvants in an attempt to model Gulf War syndrome and associated neurological deficits leads to an ALS phenotype in young male mice. In young children, a highly significant correlation exists between the number of pediatric aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines administered and the rate of autism spectrum disorders. Many of the features of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity may arise, in part, from autoimmune reactions, as part of the ASIA syndrome.

材料
Product Number
品牌
产品描述

Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.45-0.55 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 0.13 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, foil, thickness 8 μm, 99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, wire, diam. 0.58 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
铝, evaporation slug, diam. × L 6.3 mm × 6.3 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 2.5mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
铝, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, honeycomb, 600x600mm, thickness 20mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, mesh, 300x300mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.02mm, hard, 99.99%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, aluminum alloy 2017 precision sphere, grade 200, 95.2%
铝, mesh, 900x900mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 30mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.86mm, inside diameter 0.76mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 3.2mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 16 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 19mm, cell wall 0.064mm, core density 0.029g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, honeycomb, 300x300mm, thickness 5mm, cell size 3.2mm, cell wall 0.025mm, core density 0.072g/cm3, phenolic adhesive (resin), 99.5%
铝, mesh, 600x600mm, nominal aperture 0.38mm, wire diameter 0.25mm, 40x40 wires/inch, open area 37%, plain weave mesh
铝, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%
铝, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 6.0mm, 99%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 2 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 0.55mm, inside diameter 0.4mm, wall thickness 0.075mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 10mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%
铝, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, 99%
铝, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.30mm, inside diameter 0.2mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%
铝, foam, 150x150mm, thickness 6.35mm, bulk density 0.2g/cm3, porosity 0.93, 8 pores/cm, aluminum 6101 grade, 98.5%