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Y0000047

Levamisole hydrochloride for system suitability

European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

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Synonym(s):
(−)-Tetramisole hydrochloride, (S)-(−)-6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride, L(−)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole hydrochloride, Levamisole hydrochloride
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C11H12N2S · HCl
CAS Number:
16595-80-5
Molecular Weight:
240.75
Beilstein:
4358988
MDL number:
MFCD00012675
PubChem Substance ID:
329830827
NACRES:
NA.24

grade

pharmaceutical primary standard

API family

levamisole

manufacturer/tradename

EDQM

mp

228-230 °C

application(s)

pharmaceutical (small molecule)

format

neat

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

Cl.C1CN2C[C@@H](N=C2S1)c3ccccc3

InChI

1S/C11H12N2S.ClH/c1-2-4-9(5-3-1)10-8-13-6-7-14-11(13)12-10;/h1-5,10H,6-8H2;1H/t10-;/m1./s1

InChI key

LAZPBGZRMVRFKY-HNCPQSOCSA-N

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General description

This product is provided as delivered and specified by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. All information provided in support of this product, including SDS and any product information leaflets have been developed and issued under the Authority of the Issuing Pharmacopoeia. For further information and support please go to the website of the issuing Pharmacopoeia.

Application

Levamisole hydrochloride for system suitability EP Reference standard, intended for use in laboratory tests only as specifically prescribed in the European Pharmacopoeia.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Shows both immunostimulant and immunosuppressant effects, depending on several controllable factors. Very effective in treatment of ascariasis (hookworm infestation). Useful in chemotherapy of colorectal cancers, possibly due to its stimulation of IL-1 production and direct activation of macrophages.

Packaging

The product is delivered as supplied by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. For the current unit quantity, please visit the EDQM reference substance catalogue.

Other Notes

Sales restrictions may apply.

Pictograms

Skull and crossbones
GHS06

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

H301

Precautionary Statements

P301 + P330 + P331 + P310

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 3 Oral

Storage Class Code

6.1C - Combustible, acute toxic Cat.3 / toxic compounds or compounds which causing chronic effects

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

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Jonathan Graf
Current opinion in rheumatology, 25(1), 50-55 (2012-12-01)
Cocaine use is associated with several rheumatic syndromes. This review summarizes these clinical manifestations and highlights recent developments linked to levamisole-adulterated cocaine. Cocaine use has been linked to several distinctive syndromes that can be difficult to distinguish from idiopathic rheumatic
Lauren Strazzula et al.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 69(6), 954-959 (2013-10-01)
Levamisole is present as a contaminant or additive in most cocaine sold in the United States. Cases of agranulocytosis attributed to levamisole-tainted cocaine have been widely described. A vasculopathic reaction to levamisole has also been reported; however, diagnostic features such as
Barbara Deracinois et al.
PloS one, 7(10), e48428-e48428 (2012-11-03)
Although the physiological properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are relatively well known, the phenotype of the component brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) has yet to be described in detail. Likewise, the molecular mechanisms that govern the establishment and maintenance
Cara Hennings et al.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 69(1), 135-142 (2013-02-13)
We review the most common systemic and cutaneous signs of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, Ecstasy, and marijuana use. We also provide an overview of the skin and soft-tissue infections frequently found in intravenous drug users and the effects of the adulterants
Kelly R Magliocca et al.
Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 71(3), 487-492 (2013-01-10)
Systemic complications of levamisole-adulterated cocaine (LAC) use have recently been described. The objective of this review is to increase awareness of these manifestations among oral and maxillofacial surgeons. LAC exposure through inhalation, nasal insufflation, or injection can induce cutaneous vasculopathy
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