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Sigma-Aldrich

Toluene

ACS reagent, ≥99.5%

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Linear Formula:
C6H5CH3
CAS Number:
108-88-3
Molecular Weight:
92.14
Beilstein:
635760
EC Number:
203-625-9
MDL number:
MFCD00008512
eCl@ss:
39011102
PubChem Substance ID:
329751592
NACRES:
NA.21

grade

ACS reagent

Quality Level

200

Agency

suitable for EPA 1613

vapor density

3.2 (vs air)

vapor pressure

22 mmHg ( 20 °C)
26 mmHg ( 25 °C)

Assay

≥99.5%

form

liquid

autoignition temp.

997 °F

expl. lim.

7 %

impurities

H2SO4, passes test (darkened)
≤0.003% S compounds
≤0.030% water

evapn. residue

≤0.0010%

color

APHA: ≤10

refractive index

n/D 1.496 (lit.)

bp

110-111 °C (lit.)

mp

-93 °C (lit.)

density

0.865 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

application(s)

microbiology

SMILES string

Cc1ccccc1

InChI

1S/C7H8/c1-7-5-3-2-4-6-7/h2-6H,1H3

InChI key

YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Toluene, a flammable liquid with a pungent odor, is widely employed as organic solvent. It is widely used as a precursor for synthesizing benzene and as a solvent in the paint industry. It has been reported to be a biotoxic solvent (toxic to many microorganisms at 0.1%v/v concentrations). Its anaerobic biodegradation to CO2, by the denitrifying bacterium Thauera arornatica has been reported. It forms a syndiotactic polystyrene-toluene molecular compound. Crystal structure of this molecular compound has been investigated by X-ray diffraction studies.

Application

Toluene has been employed as an solvent for the asymmetric synthesis of propargylic alcohols via addition reaction of terminal alkynes with various aldehydes in the presence of an optically active reagent, N-methylephedrine. It may be used in the preparation of amine-capped gold nanocrystals. Toluene undergoes alkylation in the presence of modified ZSM (Zeolite Socony Mobil)-5-class zeolite catalysts to form p-xylene with high selectivity. When doped on graphene, it acts as an electron donor leading to alteration in graphene electrical properties.

Packaging

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Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Aquatic Chronic 3 - Asp. Tox. 1 - Flam. Liq. 2 - Repr. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2 - STOT RE 2 Inhalation - STOT SE 3

Target Organs

Central nervous system

Storage Class Code

3 - Flammable liquids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

39.9 °F

Flash Point(C)

4.4 °C

Regulatory Information

易制毒化学品（3类）
危险化学品

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Synthesis and characterization of hydrophobic, organically-soluble gold nanocrystals functionalized with primary amines.
Leff DV, et al.
Langmuir, 12(20), 4723-4730 (1996)
Facile enantioselective synthesis of propargylic alcohols by direct addition of terminal alkynes to aldehydes.
Frantz DE, et al.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 122(8), 1806-1807 (2000)
Toluene.
von Burg R.
Journal of Applied Toxicology, 13(6), 441-446 (1993)
Selective alkylation of toluene with methanol to produce para-xylene.
Kaeding WW, et al.
J. Catal., 67(1), 159-174 (1981)
Electrochemical doping of graphene with toluene.
Kaverzin AA, et al.
Carbon, 49(12), 3829-3834 (2011)
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