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695076

Sigma-Aldrich

Formic acid

ACS reagent, ≥96%

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Linear Formula:
HCOOH
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
46.03
Beilstein:
1209246
EC Number:
MDL number:
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NA.21

grade

ACS reagent

Quality Level

vapor density

1.6 (vs air)

vapor pressure

44.8 mmHg ( 20 °C)

Assay

≥96%

form

liquid

autoignition temp.

1004 °F

expl. lim.

57 %

refractive index

n20/D 1.370 (lit.)

pH

2.2 (20 °C, 2.2 g/L)

bp

100-101 °C (lit.)

mp

8.2-8.4 °C (lit.)

solubility

water: miscible

density

1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

anion traces

chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.003%
sulfite (SO32-): passes test

cation traces

Fe: ≤0.001%
NH4+: ≤0.005%
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%

application(s)

sample preparation

SMILES string

OC=O

InChI

1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)

InChI key

BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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General description

Formic acid is a simple carboxylic acid produced by the hydrolysis of methyl formate or formamide or from its salts. It is primarily used in dyeing, textile, leather, rubber, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

Application

Formic acid can be used as a reagent in the:
  • Co-Nx-catalyzed one-pot reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with nitro compounds to synthesize secondary amines.
  • Photoreduction of polycyclic and heterocyclic nitro arenes to corresponding amines.
  • Pd-catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of olefins to saturated hydrocarbons.

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Statements

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 3 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Dam. 1 - Flam. Liq. 3 - Skin Corr. 1A

Supplementary Hazards

Storage Class Code

3 - Flammable liquids

WGK

WGK 1

Flash Point(F)

121.1 °F - closed cup

Flash Point(C)

49.5 °C - closed cup

Regulatory Information

危险化学品

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The crystal structure of formic acid.
Holtzberg F, et al.
Acta Crystallographica, 6(2), 127-130 (1953)
Photodissociation of formic acid.
Su H, et al.
J. Chem. Phys. , 113(5), 1891-1897 (2000)
Electron momentum spectroscopy of formic acid.
Nixon KL, et al.
Chemical Physics Letters, 474(1), 23-27 (2009)
Direct formic acid fuel cells.
Rice C, et al.
Journal of Power Sources, 111(1), 83-89 (2002)
Switchgrass pretreatment and hydrolysis using low concentrations of formic acid.
Marzialetti T, et al.
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 86(5), 706-713 (2011)

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