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79346

Sigma-Aldrich

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

synthetic, ≥98.0% (TLC)

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Synonym(s):
12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, 4β,9α,12β,13α,20-Pentahydroxytiglia-1,6-dien-3-one 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate, PMA, TPA
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C36H56O8
CAS Number:
16561-29-8
Molecular Weight:
616.83
Beilstein:
2407201
MDL number:
MFCD00036736
PubChem Substance ID:
57652787
NACRES:
NA.25

Quality Level

200

Assay

≥98.0% (TLC)

form

film

quality

synthetic

solubility

chloroform: 10 mg/mL, clear, colorless to light yellow

storage temp.

−20°C

SMILES string

CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)[C@@]2(O)C(C=C(CO)C[C@@]3(O)C2C=C(C)C3=O)C4C(C)(C)[C@]14OC(C)=O

InChI

1S/C36H56O8/c1-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-29(39)43-32-24(3)35(42)27(30-33(5,6)36(30,32)44-25(4)38)20-26(22-37)21-34(41)28(35)19-23(2)31(34)40/h19-20,24,27-28,30,32,37,41-42H,7-18,21-22H2,1-6H3/t24-,27+,28-,30-,32-,34-,35-,36-/m1/s1

InChI key

PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBISA-N

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Application

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate has been used to stimulate the in vitro production of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-10 and macrophages. It has also been used to induce protein kinase C activity.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is a potent tumor promoter and activates protein kinase C in vivo and in vitro. It is a phorbol ester that is associated with many cellular responses including gene transcription, cell division and differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. It is also involved in protein kinase C (PKC) mediated receptor desensitization. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces PKC localization from the cytosol, enabling the enzyme association with the cell membrane.

Other Notes

Activates protein kinase C in vivo and in vitro at nanomolar concentrations; Highly potent tumor promotor and mitogen: active principle of croton oil. Review

Signal Word

Danger

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 1 Dermal - Acute Tox. 1 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 2 Oral - Carc. 2 - Eye Dam. 1 - Resp. Sens. 1 - Skin Corr. 1B - Skin Sens. 1

Storage Class Code

6.1A - Combustible, acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials

WGK

WGK 3

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

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  1. Which document(s) contains shelf-life or expiration date information for a given product?

    If available for a given product, the recommended re-test date or the expiration date can be found on the Certificate of Analysis.

  2. How do I get lot-specific information or a Certificate of Analysis?

    The lot specific COA document can be found by entering the lot number above under the "Documents" section.

  3. How should Product 79346, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate - synthetic, be dissolved?

    PMA is soluble in acetone, DMSO, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methylene chloride, but is practically insoluble in water. The solubility of 79346 has been tested in chloroform at a concentration of 10 mg/mL.  Stock solutions of 20 mM can be prepared in DMSO and diluted into aqueous buffers.

  4. Why do I not see any solid in the bottle of Product 79346, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate - synthetic?

    Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate may be an invisible film in the bottle.

  5. What is the difference between product 79346, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate - synthetic, and molecular biology grade product P1585?

    Product P1585 has been tested and found suitable for stimulation of interleukin 2 production of Jurkat cells. Product 79346 has not tested in this application.

  6. How can I store the Product 79346, Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate - synthetic (PMA), solution solution?  How long?

    Stock solutions in DMSO can be stored protected from light as aliquots at -20°C for at least 6 months, or at 2-8°C for up to 3 months.

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Differential effect of bryostatin 1 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate on HOP-92 cell proliferation is mediated by down-regulation of protein kinase Cdelta
Choi SH, et al.
Cancer Research, 66(14), 7261-7269 (2006)
R D Estensen
Journal of experimental pathology, 1(2), 71-77 (1984-01-01)
Tumor promoters act on carcinogen-initiated tissues to cause phenotypic expression of malignancy. Phorbol ester tumor promoters, like hormones, act on cells and tissues at nanomolar concentrations, often producing "physiological" effects. These promoters also act on cells to produce what appear
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells are more potent suppressors of dendritic cells differentiation compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Ivanova-Todorova E, et al.
Immunology Letters, 126(1-2), 37-42 (2009)
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells via Ras, Raf-1, ERK, and NF-kappaB, but not p38 MAPK, pathways
Chang MS, et al.
Cellular Signalling, 17(3), 299-310 (2005)
Fate of immunoprecipitable protein kinase C in GH3 cells treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
Ballester Roymarie and Rosen OM
The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 260(28), 15194-15199 (1985)
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