Anti-Glucagon antibody, Mouse monoclonal

Glucagon is a 29 amino acid peptide hormone, which is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It is a hyperglycemic hormone. The gene is located on human chromosome 2q24.2.

Polymerized porcine glucagon.

Monoclonal Anti-Glucagon antibody produced in mouse has been used:

• for the immunostaining of pancreatic tissue
• in flow cytometry and immunofluorescence imaging of pancreas cells
• for immunohistochemistry and morphology of pancreas

Glucagon is a 29-residue polypeptide hormone (MW 3482), produced in the pancreas. A related hormone, enteroglucagon (or oxyntomodulin), which is produced in the mucosa of the small and large intestine, consists of the 29 amino acid sequence of pancreatic glucagons extended by 8 additional residues at the C-terminus. The biological activities of pancreatic glucagon include glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, and ketogenesis, which are antagonistic effects to those of insulin action, thus leading to increased blood glucose levels.. Glucagon regulates plasma lipid levels, energy balance and food intake. Glucagon and insulin have opposing roles and control glucose levels. Glucagon suppression is considered as one of the many therapies for controlling diabetes. Immunocytochemical studies have revealed the presence of pancreatic glucagon inside the A or cells, which constitute 15-20% of the islet cell population. These cells are located preferentially at the periphery of the human pancreatic islets. Glucagon imbalance could also contribute to hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Deletion in the glucagon gene locus is associated with mental retardation and facial dysmorphism in children and infants. Pathological manifestations of the glucagon-type peptide reside almost exclusively with the existence of tumors or glucagonomas, as no states of glucagon-cell deficiency or hyperplasia have been identified. High levels of glucagon is associated with pancreatic tumors and necrolytic migratory erythema.
Glucagon-specific antibodies would prove useful as an a cell and tumor markers applying immunohistochemical techniques, and as an analytical tool in quantification of the hormone.

Glucagon is critical in increasing blood sugar through glycogenolysis and increased gluconeogenesis. It regulates lipid and protein metabolism and modulates the fuel supply to all the organs. Glucagon plays a vital role in the modulation of postprandial hepatic glucose production. It is used to treat obesity. Elevated levels of glucagon are associated with glucagonoma and type 1 diabetes. It acts as a ligand to specific G-protein coupled receptor.

Monoclonal Anti-Glucagon reacts with pancreatic glucagon in RIA and immunocytochemistry. The affinity constant of 6.1 x 10(8) L/M in RIA. The antibody weakly cross-reacts with gut glucagon (enteroglucagon) in an immunohistological assay. Cross-reactivity has been observed with glucagon-containing cells in fixed sections of pancreas from human, porcine, dog, rabbit, mouse, rat, guinea pig, and cat.

The antibody reacts specifically against pancreatic glucagon and exhibits only very weak cross-reaction with gut glucagon (enteroglucagon). May be used for the immunohistochemical staining of Bouin′s-fixed, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissue sections. Binds to glucagon with an affinity constant of 6.1 × 10⁸ M^-1 in RIA.
Monoclonal anti-Glucagon antibody can be used as an analytical tool for quantification of the hormone. It can also be used for immunocytochemical staining of formalin fixed and Bouin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pancreatic tissue sections. Mouse anti-Glucagon antibody reacts specifically with pancreatic glucagon. The product has also shown cross reactivity with glucagon-containing cells in fixed sections of pancreas from dog, mouse, rat, rabbit, porcine, guinea pig, cat and human and weak cross reactivity for gut glucagon (enteroglucagon).

The product is provided as ascites fluid containing 0.1% sodium azide as a preservative.

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