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G4505

Sigma-Aldrich

Guanidine hydrochloride

≥99% (titration), organic base and chaeotropic agent

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Synonym(s):
Guanidium Chloride, Aminoformamidine hydrochloride, Aminomethanamidine hydrochloride, Guanidinium chloride
Linear Formula:
NH2C(=NH)NH2 · HCl
CAS Number:
50-01-1
Molecular Weight:
95.53
Beilstein:
3591990
EC Number:
200-002-3
MDL number:
MFCD00013026
PubChem Substance ID:
24895176

biological source

synthetic (organic)

Quality Level

400

Assay

≥99% (titration)

form

crystalline powder

technique(s)

RNA extraction: suitable

impurities

≤0.3% water (Karl Fischer)

color

white

pH

(25 °C, 4.6 - 6 at 573 g/L)

mp

180-185 °C (lit.)

solubility

H2O: 6 M

density

1.3 g/cm3 (lit.)

absorption

≤0.10 at 260 nm in H2O at 6 M

SMILES string

Cl[H].NC(N)=N

InChI

1S/CH5N3.ClH/c2-1(3)4;/h(H5,2,3,4);1H

InChI key

PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Gene Information

human ... KCNA1(3736) , KCNA10(3744) , KCNA2(3737) , KCNA3(3738) , KCNA4(3739) , KCNA5(3741) , KCNA6(3742) , KCNA7(3743) , KCNB1(3745) , KCNB2(9312) , KCNC1(3746) , KCNC2(3747) , KCNC3(3748) , KCNC4(3749) , KCND1(3750) , KCND2(3751) , KCND3(3752) , KCNF1(3754) , KCNG1(3755) , KCNG2(26251) , KCNG3(170850) , KCNG4(93107) , KCNH1(3756) , KCNH2(3757) , KCNH3(23416) , KCNH4(23415) , KCNH5(27133) , KCNH6(81033) , KCNH7(90134) , KCNH8(131096) , KCNQ1(3784) , KCNQ2(3785) , KCNQ3(3786) , KCNQ4(9132) , KCNQ5(56479) , KCNS1(3787) , KCNS2(3788) , KCNS3(3790) , KCNV1(27012) , KCNV2(169522)

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General description

Guanidine Hydrochloride is a potent protein denaturant extensively utilized in the purification of proteins and nucleic acids. Widely recognized for its versatility, it plays a pivotal role in total RNA extraction experiments, dissolving proteins and disrupting cell structures while inactivating RNA enzymes. Beyond denaturation, Guanidine Hydrochloride is instrumental in renaturing proteins, effectively restoring their active states. It also finds widespread applications in sequencing, molecular weight determinations, and acts as a solubilizing agent for electrophoresis. In summary, Guanidine Hydrochloride stands as a crucial tool in biochemical research, offering indispensable capabilities in the purification, denaturation, and renaturation of proteins and nucleic acids across diverse laboratory applications.

Application

Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) has been used:
  • to perform absolute quantitation of amyloid-beta (Aß) isoforms in plasma
  • in protein carbonylation assay
  • for the quantification of glycosaminoglycans (GAG)
  • for denaturation of cow′s milk allergens
  • as a control in antiviral screening tests with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)
  • in RNA isolation to dissociate nucleoproteins and inhibit RNase
Strong chaotropic agent useful for the denaturation and subsequent refolding of proteins. This strong denaturant can solubilize insoluble or denatured proteins such as inclusion bodies. This can be used as the first step in refolding proteins or enzymes into their active form. Urea and dithiothreitol (DTT) may also be necessary.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) is hydroscopic and a small molecule. It is a potent denaturant of enzymes, which results in conformational changes in the enzyme, leading to complete loss of enzyme activity. GdnHCl is involved in blocking the activity of heat shock protein 104 (Hsp104) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in vivo. It is involved in denaturing alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) in Haliotis diversicolor. GdnHCl leads to the deactivation of enzymes like papain and aminoacylase. GdnHCl, at higher concentrations, is effective in virus inactivation, such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1).

Features and Benefits

  • Suitable for Biochemical and Cell Biology research
  • Ideal for RNA extraction
  • High purity product for research applications

Packaging

G4505-1KT:
Each kit contains 3 x 100G samples, each sample from a uniquely manufactured lot.

Caution

May agglomerate upon storage. The quality of the product does not appear to be affected and solutions prepared from the free-flowing and lumpy guanidine hydrochloride appear identical. For free-flowing material, please see our Redi-Dri™ free-flowing product number RDD001.

Preparation Note

In order to make an 8M solution in water, one must heat the solution to 35 °C for approximately 30 minutes.
The maximum solubility of guanidine hydrochloride in water at room temperature is approximately 6M.

Other Notes

For additional information on our range of Biochemicals, please complete this form.

Legal Information

Redi-Dri is a trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

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Pictograms

Exclamation mark
GHS07

Signal Word

Warning

Hazard Statements

H302 + H332 - H315 - H319

Hazard Classifications

Acute Tox. 4 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Eye Irrit. 2 - Skin Irrit. 2

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 1

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

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Current protocols in protein science, 84, A-A (2016-04-03)
The reagents and methods for purification and use of the most commonly used denaturants, guanidine hydrochloride (guanidine-HCl) and urea, are described. Other protein denaturants and reagents used to fold proteins are briefly mentioned. Sulfhydryl reagents (reducing agents) and "oxido-shuffling" (or
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