Pseudouridine

Pseudouridine (Ψ) stands as an isomer of the nucleoside uridine, featuring a carbon-carbon bond instead of the typical nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond connecting uracil. It represents the most prevalent among the myriad modified nucleosides within RNA, with a presence spanning various species and RNA classes. The enzymatic action of Ψ synthases induces post-transcriptional isomerization of specific uridine residues, a process known as pseudouridylation. This modification, particularly in rRNA and tRNA, plays a vital role in fine-tuning and stabilizing regional structures, contributing to mRNA decoding, ribosome assembly, processing, and translation functions. Moreover, β-pseudouridine, identified in tRNAs across bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, has demonstrated potential in reducing radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes. Its utility as a cancer and proliferation biomarker positions it as a valuable asset in metabolomics and biochemical research.

Pseudouridine is a C-glycosyl pyrimidine that consists of uracil having a β-D-ribofuranosyl residue attached at position 5. The C-glycosyl isomer of the nucleoside uridine. It has a role as a fundamental metabolite. Pseudouridine is found in all species and in all classes of RNA except mRNA. It is formed by enzymes called pseudouridine synthases, which post-transcriptionally isomerize specific uridine residues in RNA.

Pseudouridine is a versatile compound and a biomarker that finds application in metabolomics and biochemical research.

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