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Merck
CN

V9389

Violacein

from Janthinobacterium lividum, >98% (violacein (minimum 85% violacein) and deoxyviolacein, HPLC), powder, bacterial metabolite

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C20H13N3O3
CAS Number:
548-54-9
Molecular Weight:
343.34
UNSPSC Code:
12352200
NACRES:
NA.77

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Product Name

Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum, >98% (violacein (minimum 85% violacein) and deoxyviolacein, HPLC)

SMILES string

N1C(=C\C(=C4/c5c(cccc5)NC/4=O)\C1=O)c2c3c([nH]c2)ccc(c3)O

InChI

1S/C20H13N3O3/c24-10-5-6-15-12(7-10)14(9-21-15)17-8-13(19(25)23-17)18-11-3-1-2-4-16(11)22-20(18)26/h1-9,21,24H,(H,22,26)(H,23,25)/b18-13-

InChI key

XAPNKXIRQFHCHN-AQTBWJFISA-N

assay

>98% (violacein (minimum 85% violacein) and deoxyviolacein, HPLC)

solubility

H2O: insoluble
acetone: soluble
ethanol: soluble
methanol: soluble

storage temp.

2-8°C

Quality Level

200

Related Categories

Application

Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum has been used:
  • for cell culture assays
  • as a standard to determine the crude violacein concentration in ethanol extracts of D. violaceinigra str. NI28 cultures
  • as a standard to identify violacein in the leaf samples of Nicotiana

Biochem/physiol Actions

Violacein is a member of a novel class of cytotoxic drugs, which mediate apoptosis. Violacein exhibits antitumoral, antibacterial, antiulcerogenic, antileishmanial, and antiviral activities.
Violacein, a violet pigment, is an indole derivative produced by various bacterial strains such as Chromobacterium violaceum, Janthinobacterium lividum, Chromobacterium lividum, and Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea. Violacein is a member of a novel class of cytotoxic drugs, which mediate apoptosis. Violacein exhibits antitumoral, antibacterial, antiulcerogenic, antileishmanial, and antiviral activities. Violacein and its β-cyclodextrin complexes trigger apoptosis and differentiation in HL60 leukemic cells. Violacein cytotoxicity is preceded by activation of caspase 8, transcription of NF-κB target genes, and p38-MAPK activation resembling TNF-α signal transduction.

General description

Violacein from Janthinobacterium lividum is used as a colorant for natural and synthetic fabrics. It functions as a respiratory pigment and regulates tryptophan production. Violacein exhibits anti-protozoal activity.

Storage Class

11 - Combustible Solids

wgk

WGK 3

flash_point_f

Not applicable

flash_point_c

Not applicable

ppe

Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)

Regulatory Information

涉药品监管产品
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Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Lot/Batch Number
0000436153
0000436153
0000425888
0000425888
0000415099

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Joaquin Atalah et al.
Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions, 24(1), 43-52 (2019-07-22)
Violacein is an intensely purple pigment synthesized by various genera of bacteria that has been discovered to have a wide range of interesting biological activities which range from anticarcinogenic to antibacterial. One of the hindrances for its real-life application is
Jerneja Ambrožič Avguštin et al.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 103(4), 763-769 (2012-11-30)
A bacterial strain designated JA-1, related to Janthinobacterium lividum, was isolated from glacier ice samples from the island Spitsbergen in the Arctic. The strain was tested for phenotypic traits and the most prominent appeared to be the dark red brown
Recent research advances on Chromobacterium violaceum
Kothari V, et al.
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 10(8), 744-752 (2017)
A robust gene-stacking method utilizing yeast assembly for plant synthetic biology
Shih PM, et al.
Nature Communications, 7, 13215-13215 (2016)
Microbial Production of Violacein and Process Optimization for Dyeing Polyamide Fabrics With Acquired Antimicrobial Properties
Kanelli M, et al.
Frontiers in Microbiology, 9 (2018)
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Related Content

Data Sheet - V9389

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