Anti-SUMO-2/3 Antibody, clone 1D9 ZooMAb^® Rabbit Monoclonal

ZooMAb^® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb^® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb^® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 2 (UniProt P61956; a.k.a. HSMT3, Sentrin-2, SMT3 homolog 2, Smt3B, SUMO-2, Ubiquitin-like protein SMT3B) is encoded by SUMO2 (a.k.a. SMT3B, SMT3H2; Gene ID 6613) gene and Small ubiquitin-related modifier 3 (UniProt P55854; a.k.a. SMT3 homolog 1, Smt3A, SUMO-3, Ubiquitin-like protein SMT3A) is encoded by SUMO3 (a.k.a. SMT3A, SMT3H1; Gene ID 6612) gene in human. SUMOylation, protein posttranslation modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), is a signaling event in many cellular processes. SUMO proteins are translated as immature precursors and subsequently converted to their mature forms through the activity of sentrin/SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs). As is the case with ubiquitination, SUMOylation is a reversible process. SUMO E1 activating enzyme, E2 conjugating enzyme, and E3 ligase mediate SUMOylation of substrate proteins, while SENPs are responsible for the deSUMOylation. SUMOylation usually occurs at lysine residues in the consensus KxD/E motif, although not all such lysines become SUMOylated and SUMOylation can also occur on lysine residues outside of this motif. SUMO2 and 3 share 97% identity at the amino acid level, while SUMO1 shares approximately 50% and SUMO4 shares about 87% identity with SUMO2/3. In addition to difference in their target substrates, SUMO2/3 can be SUMOylated and form chains, whereas SUMO1 cannot and may serve as chain terminator. SUMO-2 can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or as a lysine-linked polymer. Its covalent attachment to its substrate via an isopeptide bond requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by an E3 ligase such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2, CBX4 or ZNF451. This post-translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Although SUMO-2 functions in a manner similar to ubiquitin in that it is bound to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system, however, unlike ubiquitin which targets proteins for degradation, SUMO-2 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. It is not active until the last two amino acids of the carboxy-terminus (aa 94-95; propeptide) have been cleaved off. This ZooMAb^® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our proprietary technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 25 amino acids from the C-terminal half of human SUMO-2/3.

Quality Control Testing

Evaluated by Western Blotting in lysate from RAW 264.7 cells.

Western Blotting Analysis: 1:10,000 of this antibody detected SUMO-2/3 in lysate from RAW 264.7 cells.

Tested Applications

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected SUMO-2/3 in lysate from HeLa cells, and a 1:10,000 dilution from a representative lot detected SUMO-2/3 in lysates from C6 cells and L6 cells.

Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound SUMO-2/3 peptide with at least one thousand-fold (1,000X) higher affinity than with non-specific control peptide.

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected SUMO-2/3 in human kidney tissue sections.

Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected SUMO-2/3 in HeLa cells.

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.

Clone 1D9 is a ZooMAb^® recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody that specifically detects SUMO-2 and SUMO-3. It targets an epitope within 25 amino acids from the C-terminal half. The antigen sequence is conserved in both SUMO-2 and SUMO-3.

Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.

300 µg/mL after reconstitution at 25 µL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.

Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.