A mycotoxin found in grains and animal feed that nephrotoxic and is a teratogen in rodents, reducing blastocyst cell number, embryonic survival, and neonatial weight and increasing fetal abnormalities. It′s cytotoxicity to cells in culture are associated with the production of reactive oxygen species, the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathways, and the inhibition of antiapoptotic phosphorylation pathways.