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Melibiose fermentation test is used to differentiate bacteria based on the melibiose fermentation ability. Microorganisms can only ferment certain carbohydrates, depending on the enzymes they possess to break down carbohydrates, which results in the production of acid as end products, the pH of the liquid basal medium will drop, and an indicator change the color to red. Some organisms produce additional CO₂ gas which can be made visible with a Durham’s tube. Melibiose can be used to differentiate Enterobacteriaceae.

Melibiose Discs are recommended to detect melibiose fermenting bacteria in food and environmental samples. They find their application in various sectors such as the food and dairy industry, water industry, pharmaceutical laboratory testing, cosmetic industry, environmental and sanitary testing, clinical diagnostic, etc.