Research area: Cell Signaling

Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (RAF) belongs to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. RAF exists as three isoforms A, B and C-RAF or RAF-1. RAF1 links Ras family members with mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling cascade. The RAF-1 gene is mapped to the human chromosome at 3p25.2.

Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma 1(RAF1), a member of MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family plays a vital role in cell signaling by directly interacting with GTPases and functions downstream in their signaling pathway. RaF1 is activated by Ras in the presence of growth-promoting signals, leading to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/MEK2) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/ERK2) downstream. The activated ERK proteins control gene expression related to cell division, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and cell migration. The gene is mutated or upregulated in prostate and bladder cancer. Also, mutations are associated with Noonan syndrome, which leads to various physical abnormalities like craniofacial dysmorphisms, ocular, and musculoskeletal irregularities, neurocognitive impairment, and cardiac malformations.

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