Homoharringtonine has been used to check the cytotoxic activity against carfilzomib-resistant derivative of the LP-1 multiple myeloma (MM) cell line (LP-1/Cfz) and is used as a translation-inhibiting drug.

Homoharringtonine (Omacetaxine mepesuccinate) is a translation elongation inhibitor, a cytotoxic alkaloid originally isolated from the evergreen tree, Cephalotaxus hainanensis. Homoharringtonine binds to the 80S ribosome in eukaryotic cells and inhibits protein synthesis by interfering with chain elongation. Homoharringtonine blocks progression of leukemic cells from G1 phase into S phase and from G2 phase into M phase. Homoharringtonine (Omacetaxine mepesuccinate) was approved in October 2012 (Synribo) for the treatment of adult patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) with resistance and/or intolerance to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Homoharringtonine is a cephalotaxine ester that is also known as (HHT; 4-methyl (2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)butanedioate). In gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells, homoharringtonine promotes apoptosis and prevents signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) through IL-6 (interleukin-6) /JAK1 (janus kinase 1)/STAT3 signal pathway. It plays an important role in the treatment of malaria.

Homoharringtonine is a translation elongation inhibitor.

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