Sphingosine 1-phosphate

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid derived from ceramide by an enzymatic reaction in vivo.¹ S1P acts as a signaling molecule by binding to G-protein coupled receptors (S1PR) (S1P1-5 receptors) which results in activation of small GTPases such as Ras, Rac Rho and further downstream intracellular effects such as PI-3-Kinase, Protein kinase C and Hippo signaling pathways. This generates an effect on cell migration, differentiation and survival and therefore effects variety of systems such as immune system, central nervous system and cardiovascular system.² For instance, S1P was found to inhibit cell apoptosis and induce cell proliferation by binding S1P1 to promote activation of ERK pathway.³ In addition, S1P was found to support cancer cells by inducing angiogenesis and survival of proliferative cells in the tumor microenvironment.⁴ Due to the vast activities of S1P and the resulted S1PR irregular activation, large discovery efforts are made to identify therapy by S1PR antagonists.⁵

Anti angigoenesis

Sphingosine 1-phosphate ready made solution is supplied in aqueous solution at 10mM concentration and can be further diluted (X10000) to a working concentration of 1μM.