Lipoamide

Lipoamide may be used:

• as a small‑molecule antioxidant / neuroprotective agent (a neutral amide derivative of lipoic acid) to evaluate protection against oxidative‑stress‑induced neuronal cell damage
• as a stimulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in differentiated 3T3‑L1 adipocytes to explore potential benefits for metabolic dysfunction
• to study its effects on hypertensive myocardial hypertrophy using rat models

Lipoamide, a lipoic acid acting as a coenzyme for of enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, is a well-tolerated modulator of stress granule condensation that specifically prevents cytoplasmic condensation of stress granule proteins. Lipoamide stabilizes intrinsically disordered domain-containing proteins, including SRSF1 and SFPQ, and reverses stress granule formation in vitro. Lipoamide ameliorates aging-associated aggregation of a stress granulereporter protein, improves neuronal morphology and recovers motor defects caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated FUS and TDP-43 mutants in fly (Drosophila melanogaster) models of ALS.