Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine

Diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) is a non-fluorescent, lipophilic probe specifically designed for quantitative detection of lipid peroxidation within cellular membranes. Upon reaction with lipid hydroperoxides, DPPP undergoes an irreversible and stoichiometric oxidation, transforming into a highly fluorescent oxide, DPPP=O (λex 351 nm, λem 380 nm), enabling precise quantitative analysis. This membrane-selective and low-toxicity probe distinguishes itself from hydrophilic probes, offering minimal perturbation to cellular physiology while specifically targeting membrane oxidation events. DPPP’s key advantage lies in its ability to directly and specifically monitor lipid peroxidation (LPO) occurring in the membrane environment in real-time with high sensitivity, facilitating detection down to femtomole levels of peroxides.