Filtration is a separation technique used to concentrate or purify substances based on their physical or chemical properties. It is a simple and routine method used in many laboratories to remove insoluble particles from solutions and to prepare samples for analysis. Filtration is used to reduce sample complexity, improve clarity of viscous samples, and reduce background signals resulting in increased signal-to-noise ratios in analytical tests.
Depending on the filtration method applied, particles or molecules are separated based on properties such as size, shape or charge. The liquid that passes through the filter is called the ‘filtrate’ and the collected or retained material is the ‘retentate’ or ‘residue’.
Filtration is an essential sample preparation step before sensitive chromatographic analysis, such as HPLC and LC-MS. Particulates in samples can interfere with liquid, gas and ion chromatography analyses by clogging columns or column heads, or by generating contaminant peaks (“ghost peaks”) on chromatograms. Proper filtration of samples, solvents and buffers generates higher quality, more consistent analytical results. It also increases instrument uptime and prolongs column life.
There are many filters with different filtration media composition, each designed for particular applications. Filter selection depends on several factors, including:
Filters can be made from different types of materials, such as paper, cloth, cotton-wool, asbestos, slag- or glass-wool, unglazed earthenware, sand, or other porous material. Membrane filters are usually made from synthetic polymers (e.g. hydrophilized PTFE, PVDF, nylon, PES).
Different forces can be applied to drive the filtration process. Filtration can be driven by simple gravity using a filter and a funnel, manually as in syringe filtration, or by centrifugal force. In vacuum-driven filtration, a vacuum pump is used to rapidly draw the fluid through a filter.
To continue reading please sign in or create an account.
Don't Have An Account?