C9972
Cholera Toxin B subunit
mucosal immunogen, lyophilized powder
Synonym(s):
CTB
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About This Item
Form:
lyophilized powder
Quality level:
Product Name
Cholera Toxin B subunit, biotin conjugate, lyophilized powder
SMILES string
CCOc1ccccc1C(=O)Nc2ccc(Cl)c(c2)C(F)(F)F
InChI key
YDXZSNHARVUYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
1S/C16H13ClF3NO2/c1-2-23-14-6-4-3-5-11(14)15(22)21-10-7-8-13(17)12(9-10)16(18,19)20/h3-9H,2H2,1H3,(H,21,22)
conjugate
biotin conjugate
form
lyophilized powder
mol wt
~12 kDa
composition
Protein, ~40% Lowry
storage temp.
2-8°C
Quality Level
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General description
Cholera Toxin B (CTB) is secreted by Vibrio cholerae. CTB functions as an oral subunit vaccine for cholera, which is associated with acute watery diarrhoea. It acts as a mucosal immunogen. Cholera toxin (CT) stimulates cell surface molecules, such as antigen presenting cells (APCs), murine and human dendritic cells (DCs). CT also has immunomodulatory properties. It induces the secretion of interleukin 1 (IL-1) from macrophages and enhances their APC function.
Application
Cholera Toxin B subunit has been used:
- in immunofluorescence
- in the analysis of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II lipid raft partitioning
- in live cell three-dimensional tracking of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
- to assess the toll-like receptors (TLR) and FcRγ (Fc receptor γ chain) – CARD9 (caspase recruitment domain family member 9) activation by cholera Toxin B (CTB)
Biochem/physiol Actions
The cholera toxin B subunit is used for track tracing in neurological research, taking advantage of GM1 ganglioside binding and retrograde transport.
The cholera toxin B subunit is used for track tracing in neurological research, taking advantage of GM1 ganglioside binding and retrograde transport. Tissue culture cells treated with cholera toxin are not killed and tissues of animals do not become necrotic.
Physical form
Lyophilized powder containing sodium phosphate buffer salts, sodium azide and sodium EDTA.
Analysis Note
Activity measured by ELISA using ganglioside GM1-coated multiwell plates, rabbit anti-Cholera toxin B subunit, and peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG as the secondary antibody. 50% saturation of binding is achieved with 0.02-1 μg of Cholera toxin B subunit-biotin conjugate per mL. The conjugated B subunit gives a similar value for 50% binding to that of unconjugated B subunit from which it is prepared.
Biotin content ~1.0 mole/mole protein.
hcodes
pcodes
Hazard Classifications
Aquatic Chronic 3
Storage Class
11 - Combustible Solids
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
Regulatory Information
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Evidence for TLR4 and FcRgamma-CARD9 activation by cholera toxin B subunit and its direct bindings to TREM2 and LMIR5 receptors
Phongsisay V, et al.
Molecular Immunology, 66(2), 463-471 (2015)
The Ia. 2 epitope defines a subset of lipid raft-resident MHC class II molecules crucial to effective antigen presentation
Busman-Sahay K, et al.
Journal of Immunology, 1100336-1100336 (2011)
Lucia Gardini et al.
Scientific reports, 5, 16088-16088 (2015-11-04)
Live cells are three-dimensional environments where biological molecules move to find their targets and accomplish their functions. However, up to now, most single molecule investigations have been limited to bi-dimensional studies owing to the complexity of 3d-tracking techniques. Here, we
3D tracking of single nanoparticles and quantum dots in living cells by out-of-focus imaging with diffraction pattern recognition
Gardini L, et al.
Scientific Reports, 5, 16088-16088 (2015)
Eva Koffeman et al.
Methods in molecular medicine, 136, 69-86 (2007-11-07)
T-cells specific for a particular antigen represent a small percentage of the overall T-cell population. Detecting the presence of antigen specific T-cells in patients, animal models or populations of cultured cells has presented a challenge to researchers. The T-cell capture
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