To analyze the compositions of the essential oil from the rhizome of Curcuma aromatica in Guangxi. The essential oil from the rhizome of Curcuma aromatica was extrated by steam distillation and analysed by GC-MS. 50 chemical constituents accounting for 93.11% of total content were identified. The main components are eucalyptol (53.86%), neocurdione (9.89%), linalool (4.24%), camphor (3.14%), alpha-terpineol (2.94%) and germacrone (2.89%).