Tungsten toxicity.

Tungsten toxicity.

Chemico-biological interactions (2011-12-21)

Mark L Witten, Paul R Sheppard, Brandon L Witten

ABSTRACT

There is emerging evidence that tungsten has toxic health effects. We summarize the recent tungsten toxicity research in this short review. Tungsten is widely used in many commercial and military applications because it has the second highest melting temperature of any element. Consequently, it is important to elucidate the potential health effects of tungsten.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

267511

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, powder, 12 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

267546

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF49127014

Tungsten, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.075mm, insulation thickness 0.02mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation, 99.9%

GF73441199

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 182μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF28186072

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF69782349

Tungsten, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.075mm, insulation thickness 0.02mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation, 99.9%

GF91891266

Tungsten, insulated wire, 10m, conductor diameter 0.05mm, insulation thickness 0.008mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF82229542

Tungsten, insulated wire, 0.5m, conductor diameter 0.015mm, insulation thickness 0.002mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF86719461

Tungsten, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.95%

GF18063783

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 474μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF79060103

Tungsten, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 0.025mm, insulation thickness 0.005mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF39616724

Tungsten, mesh, 50x50mm, nominal aperture 0.2mm, wire diameter 0.05mm, 100 wires/inch, open area 64%, plain weave mesh, 99.95%

GF59032481

Tungsten, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.0125mm, insulation thickness 0.0035mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF97996998

Tungsten, rod, 1000mm, diameter 3.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF24063342

Tungsten, rod, 500mm, diameter 1.6mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF97613589

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.05mm, clean, 99.95%

GF18728961

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 182μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF22463995

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF94362521

Tungsten, rod, 8.25mm, diameter 9.5mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF34720084

Tungsten, rod, 25mm, diameter 20.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF86859433

Tungsten, rod, 500mm, diameter 4.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF14824469

Tungsten, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.004mm, hard, clean, 99.95%

GF33990273

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF18288838

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 8.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF14172612

Tungsten, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, clean, 99.95%

GF95973216

Tungsten, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, clean, 99.95%

GF84684808

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.35mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF14696859

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF06304902

Tungsten, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.2mm, clean, 99.95%

GF89649815

Tungsten, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.04mm, clean, 99.95%