Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Gastroenterology (2014-01-07)

Yatrik M Shah, Liwei Xie

ABSTRACT

Iron is required for efficient oxygen transport, and hypoxia signaling links erythropoiesis with iron homeostasis. Hypoxia induces a highly conserved signaling pathway in cells under conditions of low levels of O2. One component of this pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), is a transcription factor that is highly active in hypoxic cells. The first HIF target gene characterized was EPO, which encodes erythropoietin-a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis. In the past decade, there have been fundamental advances in our understanding of how hypoxia regulates iron levels to support erythropoiesis and maintain systemic iron homeostasis. We review the cell type-specific effects of hypoxia and HIFs in adaptive response to changes in oxygen and iron availability as well as potential uses of HIF modulators for patients with iron-related disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

IRMM524B

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

GF56935604

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, hard, 99.5%

GF82538219

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.9mm, as rolled, 99.5%

GF22827843

Iron, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF08691969

Iron, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.003mm, 99.85%

GF85065857

Iron, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

GF16926385

Iron, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

GF32283996

Iron, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

267945

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

209309

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

44890

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

GF35765826

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF88665452

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 4.8mm, as drawn, 98+%

GF95735571

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF32338717

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 1.83mm, Quarter hard, 99.5%

GF20981358

Iron, rod, 50mm, diameter 12.7mm, as drawn, 99.95%

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Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.004mm, 99.99+%

GF12054024

Iron, rod, 500mm, diameter 19mm, as drawn, soft ingot 99.8%

GF17042082

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 4.0mm, inside diameter 3.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF45478604

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 5.35mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.8%

GF03605802

Iron, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.5mm, coil width 49mm, armco« soft ingot 99.8+%

GF97078281

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.65mm, inside diameter 0.89mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

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Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.85%

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Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.5%

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Iron, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

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Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 8.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

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Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 9.5mm, wall thickness 1.6mm, annealed, 99.5%

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Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.38mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.39mm, as drawn, 99.8+%

GF83094824

Iron, rod, 300mm, diameter 6.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%