Iron homeostasis in breast cancer.

Iron homeostasis in breast cancer.

Cancer letters (2014-02-04)

Oriana Marques, Berta Martins da Silva, Graça Porto, Carlos Lopes

ABSTRACT

Iron is an essential element and a critical component of molecules involved in energy production, cell cycle and intermediate metabolism. However, the same characteristic chemistry that makes it so biologically versatile may lead to iron-associated toxicity as a consequence of increased oxidative stress. The fact that free iron accumulates with age and generates ROS led to the hypothesis that it could be involved in the etiogenesis of several chronic diseases. Iron has been consistently linked to carcinogenesis, either through persistent failure in the redox balance or due to its critical role in cellular proliferation. Several reports have given evidence that alterations in the import, export and storage of cellular iron may contribute to breast cancer development, behavior and recurrence. In this review, we summarize the basic mechanisms of systemic and cellular iron regulation and highlight the findings that link their deregulation with breast cancer. To conclude, progresses in iron chelation therapy in breast cancer, as a tool to fight chemotherapy resistance, are also reviewed.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

209309

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%

44890

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

356808

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

IRMM524B

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

267945

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

GF65000573

Iron, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.008mm, 99.85%

GF87592630

Iron, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

GF37941240

Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.30mm, inside diameter 2.07mm, wall thickness 0.115mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF99892311

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

GF31151887

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF40975601

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF63616473

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.5%

GF70727801

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF24256649

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.85%

GF06381581

Iron, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 2.0mm, as rolled, armco« soft ingot 99.8%

GF85519299

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

GF59202176

Iron, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.038mm, hard, 99.5%

GF67418062

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF69332519

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF13723758

Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%

GF04475561

Iron, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.025mm, hard, 99.5%

GF42842336

Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 40mm, as drawn, armcO« soft ingot 99.8%

GF93209328

Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 5mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF84532844

Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

GF68134574

Iron, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

GF08932934

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 15.0mm, inside diameter 12mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%

GF25366754

Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.8mm, wall thickness 0.1mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF97162331

Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.85%

GF33572606

Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF40377944

Iron, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.038mm, hard, 99.5%