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Remobilisation of silver and silver sulphide nanoparticles in soils.

Remobilisation of silver and silver sulphide nanoparticles in soils.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2014-07-12)

Divina A Navarro, Jason K Kirby, Mike J McLaughlin, Lynne Waddington, Rai S Kookana

ABSTRACT

Manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) present in consumer products could enter soils through re-use of biosolids. Among these NPs are those based on silver (Ag), which are found sulphidised (e.g. silver sulphide, Ag2S) in biosolids. Herein, our aim was to examine the release of retained Ag(0) and Ag2S NPs in soils and biosolids as facilitated by environmentally and agriculturally relevant ligands. Under natural soil conditions, exemplified by potassium nitrate and humic acid experiments, release of Ag retained in soil was limited. The highest total Ag release was facilitated by ligands that simulated root exudates (citrate) or fertilisers (thiosulphate). Released Ag was predominantly present in the colloidal phase (>3 kDa-< 0.45 μm); intact NPs only identified in Ag2S-NP extracts. For biosolids containing nanoparticulate-Ag-S, release was also enhanced by thiosulphate, though mostly as colloidal-Ag - not intact NPs. These results suggest that exposure to NPs as a result of its release from soils or biosolids will be low.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Silver, colloidal, 65-75% Ag basis

Sigma-Aldrich

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Sigma-Aldrich

Silver nanowires, diam. × L 100 nm × 6 μm, 0.5% (isopropyl alcohol suspension)

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Sigma-Aldrich

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Sigma-Aldrich

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Silver, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.004mm, 99.97%

Silver, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95+%

Silver, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.97%

Silver, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.95+%

Silver, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.95+%

Silver, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.97%

Silver, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, annealed, 99.95+%

Silver, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Silver, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.97%

Silver, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95+%

Silver, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95+%

Silver, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.97%

Silver, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.95+%