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The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) as an environmental bioindicator species of heavy metal contamination.

The hooded crow (Corvus cornix) as an environmental bioindicator species of heavy metal contamination.

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology (2014-08-26)

Mauro Giammarino, Piero Quatto, Stefania Squadrone, Maria Cesarina Abete

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the possible presence of lead and cadmium in the liver and kidneys of hooded crows (Corvus cornix). Liver and kidneys of hooded crow carcasses were collected in Province of Cuneo (Piedmont, Italy) in order to detect lead and cadmium content. Significant differences were found in lead and cadmium levels between areas of intensive cultivation versus areas where meadows are prevalent. Moreover, age greatly influenced the burden of heavy metals, while sex did not seem to affect the level of contamination. The source of contamination may be phosphate fertilizers used for intensive cultivation in the study area.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (Sn 1.5%, Sb 1.5%)

Lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%)

Lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.5%

Lead, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 96% (Sn 1.5%, Sb 2.5%)

Lead, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (Sn 1.5%, Sb 2.5%)

Lead, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (Sn 1.5%, Sb 2.5%)

Lead, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+%

Lead, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95%

Lead, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.99+%