Gaseous emissions in municipal wastes composting: effect of the bulking agent.

Gaseous emissions in municipal wastes composting: effect of the bulking agent.

Bioresource technology (2014-10-02)

Caterina Maulini-Duran, Adriana Artola, Xavier Font, Antoni Sánchez

ABSTRACT

In this study, the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), CH4, N2O and NH3 during composting non-source selected MSW, source selected organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) with wood chips as bulking agent (OF_wood) and source selected OFMSW with polyethylene (PE) tube as bulking agent (OF_tube) and the effect of bulking agent on these emissions have been systematically studied. Emission factors are provided (in kg compound Mg(-1) dry matter): OF_tube (CH4: 0.0185±0.004; N2O: 0.0211±0.005; NH3: 0.612±0.269; VOC: 0.688±0.082) and MSW (CH4: 0.0549±0.0171; N2O: 0.032±0.015; NH3: 1.00±0.20; VOC: 1.05±0.18) present lower values than OF_wood (CH4: 1.27±0.09; N2O: 0.021±0.006; NH3: 4.34±2.79; VOC: 0.989±0.249). A detailed composition of VOC is also presented. Terpenes were the main emitted VOC family in all the wastes studied. Higher emissions of alpha and beta pinene were found during OF_wood composting processes.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

504823

Supelco

SPME Portable Field Sampler, coating PDMS

57300-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, red hub

57302

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 7 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, green hub

57303

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 7 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, green hub

57346-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, blue hub

57359-U

Supelco

SPME Portable Field Sampler, coating PDMS/DVB

57333-U

Supelco

SPME Sampling Stand, for use with 4 mL vials

57294-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 85 μm Polyacrylate, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, white hub

57291-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 7 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, green hub

57345-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, blue hub

57301

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, red hub

57305

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 85 μm Polyacrylate, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, white hub

504831

Supelco

SPME Portable Field Sampler, coating CAR/PDMS

57341-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, red hub

57304

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 85 μm Polyacrylate, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, white hub

57308

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 30 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, yellow hub

57311

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, blue hub

57357-U

Supelco

SPME Sampling Stand, for use with 15 mL vials

57310-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, blue hub

57326-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, pink hub

57309

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 30 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, yellow hub

57928-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 100 μm PDMS, Metal Alloy (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 1, red hub

57902-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, Metal Alloy (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 1, pink hub

169099

Sigma-Aldrich

Divinylbenzene, technical grade, 55%

469300

Sigma-Aldrich

Hexamethyldisiloxane, viscosity 0.65 cSt (25 °C)

469319

Sigma-Aldrich

Poly(dimethylsiloxane), viscosity 1.0 cSt (25 °C)

57342-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 100 μm PDMS, Fused Silica (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Manual Holder, pk of 3, red hub

57354-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 60 μm PEG, Metal Alloy (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, purple hub

57293-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 23 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, pink hub

57327-U

Supelco

SPME Fiber Assembly, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, StableFlex (1 cm), needle size 24 ga, Autosampler, pk of 3, pink hub