AdQPhos

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The precatalysts derived from AdQPhos exhibit excellent activity towards palladium-catalyzed α-arylation reactions under milder conditions. The strength of these catalytic systems in enabling such reactions were demonstrated with the broad scope of nucleophiles, including nitroalkanes, nitriles, amides, esters, and ketones. Compared to other state-of-the-art catalysts, this system was far superior and served as the first versatile catalytic system to accommodate all these nucleophiles in this context.

Further, by merging with micellar catalysis, this catalytic system demonstrated the feasibility of enabling α-arylation reactions under mild aqueous conditions. This approach provides an environmentally benign alternative to toxic/hazardous solvents like 1,4-dioxane or NMP, bringing modern organic synthesis closer to being ideally sustainable.

In addition to facilitating α-arylations, these catalysts demonstrate compatibility with various challenging cross-coupling reactions, such as Suzuki-Miyaura, Buchwald-Hartwig aminations, and C-O and C-S cross-couplings.