Hemoglobin is present in the red-blood corpuscles (RBCs) of vertebrates. It is composed of a globular structure with four α-β sub-units.

α-弹性蛋白的溶解度已被应用于弹性蛋白模拟生物材料的构建。

Hemoglobin from bovine blood has been used as a supplement in tryptone yeast extract salts and glucose (TYESG) agar for performing extracellular proteolytic activity of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. It has also been used as a standard in Raman spectrometry.

氧气转运蛋白。Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺平衡是血液氧合的一种生理指标；脱氧血红蛋白通过将亚硝酸还原为NO来补充反馈回路，而NO是一种可增强血液流向缺氧组织流量的血管扩张剂。

氧转运体，NO 清除剂

每包含 100g 血红蛋白粉

由于天然血红蛋白在空气中易于氧化，因此这些制剂主要为高铁血红蛋白。