Anti-PKCβ Antibody, clone 2E13 ZooMAb^® Rabbit Monoclonal

Protein kinase C beta type (UniProt: P05771; also known as EC:2.7.11.13, PKC-B; PKC-beta) is encoded by the PRKCB (also known as PKCB, PRKCB1) gene (Gene ID: 5579) in human. PKCβ is a calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine kinase that is involved in multiple cellular processes, including the regulation of B-cell receptor, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, insulin signaling, and endothelial cell proliferation. PKCβ is comprised of two splice variants, PKCβI and PKCβII, which are from the same gene and differ only in their last 50 amino acids. It binds three calcium ions per subunit and these ions are  bound to the C2 domain (aa 158-275).  Three specific sites: threonine 500 in the activation loop of the kinase domain; threonine 642 in the turn motif, and serine 661 in the hydrophobic region need to be phosphorylated for its full activation. Phosphorylation on threonine 500 renders it competent for autophosphorylation. Subsequent phosphorylation at threonine 642 maintains its catalytic competence, and autophosphorylation on serine appears to release the kinase into the cytosol. Autophosphorylation on the N-terminal and hinge regions has no effect on its enzyme activity.  In insulin signaling, it functions downstream of IRS1 in muscle cells and mediate insulin-dependent DNA synthesis through the Raf1-MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. It is also involved in the regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes by negatively modulating the insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4. PKCβ expression in breast cancer is reported to be associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype.  Ectopic overexpression of either wild type or constitutively active PKCβI or PKCβII increases breast cancer cell line growth in vitro through upregulation of cyclin D1, while inhibition of kinase activity decreases growth. Two isoforms of PKCβ have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. This ZooMAb^® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Wallace, JA., et al. (2014). Front. Oncol. 4; 87).

We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is Preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.

ZooMAb^® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb^® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb^® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.

KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 22 amino acids from the internal region of human protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ).

Quality Control Testing

Evaluated by Western Blotting in Human brain tissue lysate.

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution of this antibody detected PKCβ in Human brain tissue lysate.

Tested Applications

Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution from a representative lot detected PKCβ in lysates from Mouse brain tissue and K562 cells.

Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected PKCβ in Human tonsil tissue sections.

Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound PKCβ peptide with a KD of 2.1 x 10-6 in an affinity binding assay.

Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected PKCβ in THP-1 cells.

Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.

Clone 2E13 is a ZooMAb^® rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ). It targets an epitope within 22 amino acids from the internal region.

Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.

Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.

Reconstitute lyophilized antibody pellet with 25μL of ultrapure water or Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Please refer to our reconstitution protocol and the specific application guidance on the suggested starting dilutions and sample type.

Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.

ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany

Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.