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主页代谢组学研究凝血酶因子IIa

凝血酶因子IIa

特异性

凝血酶是一种内切丝氨酸蛋白酶,可选择性地裂解纤维蛋白原的Arg -Gly键,形成纤维蛋白并释放纤维蛋白肽A和B。1,2

凝血酶的最佳切割位点是:1)AB-Pro-Arg- || -XY,其中A和B是疏水性氨基酸,X和Y是非酸性氨基酸;2)Gly-Arg- || -Gly。2

任意哺乳动物的凝血酶可凝结其他哺乳动物的纤维蛋白原。3

凝血酶有两种仅作用于精氨酸位点的纤维蛋白原裂解方式。初级裂解产物纤维蛋白肽A是从纤维蛋白原第16位氨基酸后裂解,有时从第19位氨基酸后裂解,而次级裂解产物纤维蛋白肽B是在第14位氨基酸处裂解产生。4

凝血酶在pH 5-10.5的范围内有活性。5
催化最适pH是8.3。5
凝血酶在pH 5或更低时沉淀。5

凝血酶活化不需要二价金属离子或辅因子。但凝血酶的Na +依赖性变构激活与凝血酶在精氨酸残基位点切割的特异性密切相关。6血浆蛋白C活化时,血栓调节蛋白是凝血酶的辅因子。7

体内活化过程和物理性质

凝血酶在体内的主要形式是它的酶原,凝血酶原(因子II),由肝脏产生。正常人血浆中凝血酶原的浓度约为5-10mg / dL。8凝血酶原是一种糖蛋白,含糖量约为~12%。8

凝血酶原在体内被活化的因子X切割,释放活化肽并将凝血酶切割成轻链和重链,产生催化活性的α-凝血酶。 α-凝血酶由轻链(A链)(MW〜6,000)和重链(B链)(〜31,000)组成。这两条链通过一个二硫键连接。12人凝血酶的B链由肽部分(MW 29,485)和三个天冬酰胺位点上具有N连接糖基化的碳水化合物部分(2334)组成。9,10牛凝血酶含有1.7 %葡糖胺,1.8%唾液酸,0.61%半乳糖和0.95%甘露糖。11凝血酶还含有γ-羧基谷氨酰胺残基。这些修饰的谷氨酰残基是微粒体酶,维生素K依赖性羧化酶羧化的结果。γ-羧基谷氨酰残基对于负电荷磷脂表面的钙依赖性相互作用是必需的,对于凝血酶原向凝血酶的转化也是必不可少的。12体内,凝血酶原在磷脂膜的表面活化,所述磷脂膜结合氨基末端凝血酶原以及Va和Xa因子。活化起始缓慢,因为因子V本身是由最初的少量凝血酶激活。

在特定的储存条件下,α-凝血酶的自溶消化导致形成缺乏纤维蛋白溶解活性的β-纤维蛋白和γ-凝血酶,但保留一些除纤维蛋白原以外的抗肽底物和蛋白底物合成活性。13我们的凝血酶制剂主要是α凝血酶形式。 

人凝血酶由几个同工酶组成,等电点范围6.35-7.6。
牛凝血酶等电点范围是7.05 - 7.114

E1%(280nm) = 18.3 (人)15
E1%(280nm) = 19.5 (牛)16

凝血酶原

凝血酶活性测定

我们的凝血酶实验方法是以与NIH凝血酶参考标准直接比较获得NIH单位来衡量。

根据改进的Biggs法,NIH测定方案使用0.2 mL稀释血浆(1:1添加生理盐水)和0.1 mL凝血酶样品(在pH 7.35的1%缓冲白蛋白溶液中固定)作为底物。17仅在15-25秒的凝血时间内测定凝血酶浓度。

文献中的凝血酶浓度通常有不同的活性单位。18-20

凝血酶文献中的几个常识:
1 WHO 单位 = 1 NIH 单位
1 NIH 单位 = 1 USP 单位
1 NIH单位 = 0.324 +/- 0.073 µg
1 IOWA单位 = 0.83 NIH 单位

凝血酶(人和牛)将催化几种肽对硝基苯胺,甲苯磺酰基-硝基苄基酯和硫代苄基酯合成底物的水解。21

应用

血浆中纤维蛋白凝块的形成:
一到两个单位的凝血酶可凝结1毫升的血浆。

融合蛋白的切割:
在20微升50 mM pH 8.0碳酸氢铵溶液中,0.5 NIH unit /nM的凝血酶可在凝血酶识别位点处裂解多种肽。22

凝血酶切割融合蛋白可以在1:500比率下进行。23
融合蛋白可以在由50 mM Tris,pH 8.0,150 mM NaC,2.5 mM CaCl2和0.1%2-巯基乙醇组成的凝血酶切割缓冲液中被切割。将2 mg融合蛋白与4 µg凝血酶在裂解缓冲液中室温孵育20分钟。24

产品

ZH - Human Recombinant Thrombin
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人 PTP
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ZH - Bovine Thrombin
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兔GAPDH。
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ZH - Rat Thrombin
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