ADC purification and formulation

Following conjugation, the ADC undergoes purification to separate the conjugate from free payload, unconjugated antibody, and aggregates. Techniques such as HIC and SEC require precisely defined buffer systems to maintain ADC integrity throughout. The formulated ADC must remain stable under storage conditions, with excipients selected to protect against aggregation, denaturation, and freeze-thaw stress.

Find reagents for the ADC purification and formulation workflow stage.

• Biological buffers for system stability
• Carbohydrates for ADC storage stability
• Detergents for ADC purification
• Lipids for membrane-interaction studies

Biological buffers for system stability

Buffer composition directly influences separation efficiency and aggregate removal during SEC and HIC purification. Low ionic strength Tris buffers support size-based separation, while controlled pH during polishing steps preserves the antibody scaffold structure and prevents hydrophobic payload-driven aggregation. 

Carbohydrates for ADC storage stability

Disaccharides such as trehalose form an amorphous glassy matrix during freeze-drying, preventing ice crystal damage and protein denaturation. In solution, they act as preferential exclusion agents, reducing the thermodynamic drive for aggregation and preserving ADC potency through freeze-thaw cycles and extended storage.

Detergents for ADC purification

Mild detergents such as Poloxamer 188 and sodium deoxycholate prevent hydrophobic aggregation and reduce non-specific adsorption to surfaces during purification. Poloxamer 188 is also included in final formulations as a surfactant to protect ADCs against interfacial stress during filtration, filling, and administration.

Lipids for membrane-interaction studies

Phospholipids such as DSPC and DOPE are used in formulation research to study membrane interactions of ADC payloads using model membrane systems, providing insight into cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. They are also relevant for liposomal co-formulation studies exploring alternative ADC delivery formats incorporating hydrophobic payloads.