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Merck
CN

Y0000191

Human glucagon

European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard

Synonym(s):

Glucagon

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C153H225N43O49S
CAS Number:
9007-92-5
Molecular Weight:
3482.75
MDL number:
MFCD00167532
UNSPSC Code:
41116107
PubChem Substance ID:
329830876
NACRES:
NA.24

Key Documents

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grade

pharmaceutical primary standard

API family

human glucagon

manufacturer/tradename

EDQM

application(s)

pharmaceutical (small molecule)

format

neat

storage temp.

−20°C

SMILES string

S(CC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H

InChI

1S/C153H225N43O49S/c1-72(2)52-97(133(226)176-96(47-51-246-11)132(225)184-104(60-115(159)209)143(236)196-123(78(10)203)151(244)245)179-137(230)103(58-83-64-167-89-29-19-18-28-87(83)89)183-131(224)95(43-46-114(158)208)177-148(241)120(74(5)6)194-141(234)101(54-79-24-14-12-15-25-79)182-138(231)105(61-117(211)212)185-130(223)94(42-45-113(157)207)171-124(217)75(7)170-127(220)91(31-22-49-165-152(160)161)172-128(221)92(32-23-50-166-153(162)163)174-146(239)110(69-199)191-140(233)107(63-119(215)216)186-134(227)98(53-73(3)4)178-135(228)99(56-81-33-37-85(204)38-34-81)180-129(222)90(30-20-21-48-154)173-145(238)109(68-198)190-136(229)100(57-82-35-39-86(205)40-36-82)181-139(232)106(62-118(213)214)187-147(240)111(70-200)192-150(243)122(77(9)202)195-142(235)102(55-80-26-16-13-17-27-80)188-149(242)121(76(8)201)193-116(210)66-168-126(219)93(41-44-112(156)206)175-144(237)108(67-197)189-125(218)88(155)59-84-65-164-71-169-84/h12-19,24-29,33-40,64-65,71-78,88,90-111,120-123,167,197-205H,20-23,30-32,41-63,66-70,154-155H2,1-11H3,(H2,156,206)(H2,157,207)(H2,158,208)(H2,159,209)(H,164,169)(H,168,219)(H,170,220)(H,171,217)(H,172,221)(H,173,238)(H,174,239)(H,175,237)(H,176,226)(H,177,241)(H,178,228)(H,179,230)(H,180,222)(H,181,232)(H,182,231)(H,183,224)(H,184,225)(H,185,223)(H,186,227)(H,187,240)(H,188,242)(H,189,218)(H,190,229)(H,191,233)(H,192,243)(H,193,210)(H,194,234)(H,195,235)(H,196,236)(H,211,212)(H,213,214)(H,215,216)(H,244,245)(H4,160,161,165)(H4,162,163,166)/t75-,76+,77+,78+,88-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,120-,121-,122-,123-/m0/s1

InChI key

MASNOZXLGMXCHN-ZLPAWPGGSA-N

Gene Information

human ... GCGR(2642)

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Related Categories

Amino Acid Sequence

His-Ser-Gln-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Ser-Arg-Arg-Ala-Gln-Asp-Phe-Val-Gln-Trp-Leu-Met-Asn-Thr

General description

This product is provided as delivered and specified by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. All information provided in support of this product, including SDS and any product information leaflets have been developed and issued under the Authority of the Issuing Pharmacopoeia. For further information and support please go to the website of the issuing Pharmacopoeia.

Application

Human glucagon EP Reference standard, intended for use in laboratory tests only as specifically prescribed in the European Pharmacopoeia.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic α-cells that raises blood glucose and (indirectly) insulin levels. Glucagon acts via a G protein-coupled receptor, which results in the release of glucose 1-phosphate from glycogen.
Released in response to low blood glucose. Activation of liver glucagon receptors induces gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis.

Packaging

The product is delivered as supplied by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. For the current unit quantity, please visit the EDQM reference substance catalogue.

Other Notes

Highly-conserved 29-amino acid polypeptide hormone produced by the pancreatic cells.
Sales restrictions may apply.

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Regulatory Information

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Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes.
Philip E Cryer
The New England journal of medicine, 369(4), 362-372 (2013-07-26)
A L McCall et al.
Minerva endocrinologica, 38(2), 145-163 (2013-06-05)
Type 1 diabetes is a disorder where slow destruction of pancreatic β-cells occurs through autoimmune mechanisms. The result is a progressive and ultimately complete lack of endogenous insulin. Due to β-cell lack, secondary abnormalities in glucagon and likely in incretins
Investigations editor's reply to Holt and to Barnett and O'Hare.
Deborah Cohen
BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 347, f4383-f4383 (2013-07-12)
Patricia I Mighiu et al.
Nature medicine, 19(6), 766-772 (2013-05-21)
Glucagon activates hepatic protein kinase A (PKA) to increase glucose production, but the gluco-stimulatory effect is transient even in the presence of continuous intravenous glucagon infusion. Continuous intravenous infusion of insulin, however, inhibits glucose production through its sustained actions in
Incretin therapy: should adverse consequences have been anticipated?
Edwin Gale
BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 346, f3617-f3617 (2013-06-12)
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