Phalloidin–Atto 633

Atto 633 belongs to a new generation of fluorescent labels for the red spectral region. The dye is designed for application in the area of life science, e.g. labelling of DNA, RNA or proteins. Characteristic features of the label are strong absorption, high fluorescence quantum yield, high photostability, good water solubility, and very little triplet formation. Atto 633 is a cationic dye. After coupling to a substrate the dye carries a net electrical charge of +1. In common with most Atto-labels, absorption and fluorescence are independent of pH, at least in the range of pH 2 to 11, used in typical applications.
Phalloidin is a fungal toxin isolated from the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides. Its toxicity is attributed to the ability to bind F actin in liver and muscle cells. As a result of binding phalloidin, actin filaments become strongly stabilized. Phalloidin has been found to bind only to polymeric and oligomeric forms of actin, and not to monomeric actin. The dissociation constant of the actin-phalloidin complex has been determined to be on the order of 3 x 10^-8. Phalloidin differs from amanitin in rapidity of action; at high dose levels, death of mice or rats occurs within 1 or 2 hours. Fluorescent conjugates of phalloidin are used to label actin filaments for histological applications. Some structural features of phalloidin are required for the binding to actin. However, the side chain of amino acid 7 (g-d-dihydroxyleucine) is accessible for chemical modifications without appreciable loss of affinity for actin.

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This product is for Research use only. In case of intended commercialization, please contact the IP-holder (ATTO-TEC GmbH, Germany) for licensing.