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G0500

Sigma-Aldrich

D-(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride

≥99% (HPLC)

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Synonym(s):
2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose hydrochloride, D-Chondrosamine hydrochloride
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C6H13NO5 · HCl
CAS Number:
1772-03-8
Molecular Weight:
215.63
Beilstein:
3697825
EC Number:
217-198-1
MDL number:
MFCD00135830
PubChem Substance ID:
24894912
NACRES:
NA.25

biological source

shark (cartilage)

Quality Level

200

Assay

≥99% (HPLC)

form

powder

technique(s)

HPLC: suitable

impurities

≤0.5% Glucosamine (HPAE)

color

white to off-white

mp

172-180  °C

solubility

H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to very faintly yellow

storage temp.

room temp

SMILES string

Cl.N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO

InChI

1S/C6H13NO5.ClH/c7-3(1-8)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-9;/h1,3-6,9-12H,2,7H2;1H/t3-,4+,5+,6-;/m0./s1

InChI key

CBOJBBMQJBVCMW-NQZVPSPJSA-N

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General description

D-galactosamine (d-GalN) is a specific hepatotoxic agent metabolized particularly in hepatocytes. It is a 6-carbon amino sugar derived from galactose.

Application

D-(+)-Galactosamine (D-chondrosamine) has been used with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce models of acute hepatic failure (LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury, hepatitis) for therapeutic research to find new drugs.
D-(+)-Galactosamine hydrochloride has been used:
  • for the surface binding of mannan-binding lectin (MBL) to modified mica surfaces
  • in sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) before the intraperitoneal injection
  • in mice for the generation of primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs)

Biochem/physiol Actions

Galactosamine (Gal) induces hepatocyte death both by necrosis and apoptosis. It prevents the production of liver RNA via the production of uridine diphosphate hexosamines. D-galactosamine lowers the intracellular pool of uracil nucleotides and thereby prevents the production of RNA and proteins.

Other Notes

To gain a comprehensive understanding of our extensive range of Monosaccharides for your research, we encourage you to visit our Carbohydrates Category page.

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

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Yating Li et al.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 103(1), 375-393 (2018-10-23)
Acute liver failure is a drastic, unpredictable clinical syndrome with high mortality. Various preventive and adjuvant therapies based on modulating the gut flora have been proposed for hepatic injury. We aimed to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of Bifidobacterium
Kaicen Wang et al.
mSphere, 5(1) (2020-01-31)
Acute liver failure is a severe liver disorder that poses considerable global challenges. Previous studies on Bifidobacterium longum R0175 have mainly focused on its psychotropic functions. The current research focused on the protective efficacy of B. longum R0175 against acute
Aoxiang Zhuge et al.
Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 104(17), 7437-7455 (2020-07-16)
Acute liver failure is a clinical emergency associated with high mortality. Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota participates in the progression of liver injury, and preventive therapies based on altering gut microbiota are of great interest. Previous studies demonstrated that
Xing Lin et al.
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 37(4), 625-632 (2014-05-13)
This study examined the effect of genistein from Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute hepatic failure. Compared to the model control, genistein treatment significantly protected against LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury, as evidenced by the decrease in serum alanine and aspartate
Yinhong Zhu et al.
International immunopharmacology, 72, 131-137 (2019-04-14)
Saikosaponin a (SSa), one of the major active components of Bupleurum falcatum, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties. However, the effects of SSa on liver injury have not been reported. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects and
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