Lonidamine

Lonidamine has been used:

• as an inhibitor of glycolysis to study its effects on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) mechanism in cancer stem cells (CSC)
• as mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)- inducing drug to study its effects on temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma cell line
• as mitochondrial hexokinase inhibitor to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human acute myeloid leukemia cells

Inhibits the energy metabolism of neoplastic cells by interfering with hexokinase and disrupting uncoupler-stimulated mitochondrial electron transport; damages cell and mitochondrial membranes.

Lonidamine (LND) is an indazole derivative and is an anti-spermatogenic agent. It exhibits anti-tumor activity by sensitizing tumors to photodynamic, chemo-, radiotherapy, and hyperthermia. LND also interferes with energy metabolism by blocking glycolysis, adenosine diphosphate (ADP-), and uncoupler-stimulated respiration on various nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD-) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-linked substrates, hexokinase activity, and oxygen uptake in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. It blocks lactate export and pyruvate uptake into the mitochondria by inhibiting proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), respectively.