biological source
Escherichia coli (O55:B5)
form
lyophilized powder
shipped in
ambient
storage temp.
2-8°C
Quality Level
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General description
This product is extracted from E. coli serotype O55:B5 and purified by chromatography. The source strain is CDC 1644-70. The lipid A moiety has been partially delipidated by alkaline hydrolysis. Removal of the fatty acid portions of lipid A results in a detoxified LPS with an endotoxin level about 10,000 times lower than that of the parent LPS.
Application
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs).
Biochem/physiol Actions
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are localized in the outer layer of the membrane and are, in noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell surface. They contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics.
Preparation Note
Chromatographically purified; delipidized by alkaline hydrolysis
The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.
The product is soluble in water (5 mg/ml) or cell culture medium (1 mg/ml) yielding a hazy, faint yellow solution. A more concentrated, though still hazy, solution (20 mg/ml) has been achieved in aqueous saline after vortexing and warming to 70-80 oC. Lipopolysaccharides are molecules that form micelles in every solvent. Hazy solutions are observed in water and phosphate buffered saline. Organic solvents do not give clearer solutions. Methanol yields a turbid suspension with floaters, while water yields a homogeneously hazy solution.
signalword
Danger
hcodes
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 2 Oral
Storage Class
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
wgk
WGK 3
flash_point_f
Not applicable
flash_point_c
Not applicable
ppe
Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US)
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Ding, H.F., et al.
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 31, 93-93 (1990)
G Tumurkhuu et al.
Clinical and experimental immunology, 152(1), 182-191 (2008-03-01)
The mechanism underlying acute lung injury in lethal endotoxic shock induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer)-sensitized mice was studied. Sensitization with alpha-GalCer resulted in the increase of natural killer T (NK T) cells and the production of
Constance Schmelzer et al.
Mediators of inflammation, 2009, 415437-415437 (2009-04-25)
MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in key biological processes via suppression of gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. According to their superior functions, subtle modulation of miR expression by certain compounds or nutrients is desirable under particular conditions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces
Chong Liu et al.
World journal of gastroenterology, 15(46), 5843-5850 (2009-12-10)
To investigate the dysfunction of the immunological barrier of the intestinal mucosa during endotoxemia and to elucidate the potential mechanism of this dysfunction. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two groups: control group and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group. Endotoxemia was
Shereen Shoma et al.
Infection and immunity, 76(4), 1547-1557 (2008-01-16)
Pneumolysin is a pore-forming cytolysin known as a major virulence determinant of Streptococcus pneumoniae. This protein toxin has also been shown to activate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. In this study, a mutant S. pneumoniae strain deficient in
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