Alphaproteobacteria FISH probe-Cy3

FISH (Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization) technique is based on the hybridization of fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes to a specific complementary DNA or RNA sequence in whole and intact cells.1 Microbial FISH allows the visualization, identification and isolation of bacteria due to recognition of ribosomal RNA also in unculturable samples.2 FISH can serve as a powerful tool in the microbiome research field by allowing the observation of native microbial populations in diverse microbiome environments, such as samples from human origin (blood3 and other tissues4), microbial ecology (solid biofilms5 and aquatic systems6) and plants.7It is strongly recommended to include positive and negative controls in FISH assays to ensure specific binding of the probe of interest and appropriate protocol conditions. We offer positive (MBD0032/33) and negative (MBD0034/35) control probes that accompany the specific probe of interest. Alphaproteobacteria FISH probe – Cy3 (MBD0059) specifically recognizes Alphaproteobacteria cells. Alphaproteobacteria is the second largest class of bacteria within the gram-negative phylum Proteobacteria8, with a high level of functional diversity among its eight major orders: Caulobacterales, Rhizobiales, Rhodobacterales, Pelagibacterales, Sphingomonadales, Rhodospirillales, Holosporales and Rickettsiales9. Mitochondria are thought to have evolved from Alphaproteobacteria10. Between 20-50% of bacterioplankton cells in the ocean belong to the Alphaproteobacteria class, and Alphaproteobacteria is also abundant in soil and freshwater environments9,11,12. Rhizobiales is a soil-based plant symbiont Alphaproteobacteria13 widely studied in agricultural research; and Rhodobacterales is an example of a purple photosynthetic Alphaproteobacteria bacteria.14 Certain genera of Alphaproteobacteria, such as Brucella, are common human pathogens8. One species of Alphaproteobacteria, Paracoccus yeei, was correlated to opportunistic infections in humans15, including peritonitis16, myocarditis17, and dermatologic lesions18. Interestingly, several types of Alphaproteobacteria have been shown to divide asymmetrically13, a trait that may contribute to this class’s heterogeneity and adaptability to a wide variety of microbiome environments19. The FISH probe has been used to recognize many Alphaproteobacteria species, such as Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense20, a spiral-shaped magnetotactic bacteria first isolated from river sediment in 199021,22. In addition, the FISH probe has been used to detect Alphaproteobacteria from a wide variety of environmental microbial samples, including bacterial populations isolated from snow23, wastewater treatment plants24, lichen25 and sphagnum moss samples26, seawater,27 and freshwater sediments20.

Probe for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), recognizes Alphaproteobacteria cells (except for Rickettsiales)