Fluorosamine

Fluorosamine is characterized by its fluorinated glucosamine structure, specifically modified at the 4-position with a fluorine atom. The presence of the fluorine atom is crucial for its inhibitory action on CSPG biosynthesis.

Fluorosamine may be used in in vitro and in vivo models to study the mechanisms underlying remyelination and the role of extracellular matrix components in neural repair.

Fluorosamine (per-O-Acetylated-4-F-N-acetylglucosamine) is a cell-permeable inhibitor of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) chain assembly, reducing chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) activity and perineuronal nets (PNNs) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). In vitro, at 10 µg/ml, Ac-4-F-GlcNAc significantly reduces neurofibrosis by preventing CS-GAG synthesis and elongation. In vivo, Fluorosamine administered intranasally (1 mg and 5 mg) or intracerebroventricularly (100 µg and 250 µg) depletes GanNAc, improves glycemic control, weight loss, and energy expenditure by restoring ARC insulin sensitivity in obese and diabetic mice. Additionally, it accelerates remyelination and exhibits immunomodulatory properties, reducing T-cell proliferation in CNS models.