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The insulin signaling system.
M F White et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 269(1), 1-4 (1994-01-07)
Renata M Martin et al.
Nature communications, 11(1), 2713-2713 (2020-06-03)
Despite their rapidly-expanding therapeutic potential, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapies continue to have serious safety risks. Transplantation of hPSC-derived cell populations into preclinical models has generated teratomas (tumors arising from undifferentiated hPSCs), unwanted tissues, and other types of
Thomas H Ambrosi et al.
eLife, 10 (2021-07-20)
Skeletal stem and progenitor cell populations are crucial for bone physiology. Characterization of these cell types remains restricted to heterogenous bulk populations with limited information on whether they are unique or overlap with previously characterized cell types. Here we show
Liping Xie et al.
Cell reports, 41(3), 111498-111498 (2022-10-20)
Copper deficiency has emerged to be associated with various lipid metabolism diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms that dictate the association between copper deficiency and metabolic diseases remain obscure. Here, we reveal that copper restoration caused
Marie S Isidor et al.
Adipocyte, 5(2), 175-185 (2016-07-08)
Brown adipose tissue is a promising therapeutic target for opposing obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. The ability to modulate gene expression in mature brown adipocytes is important to understand brown adipocyte function and delineate novel regulatory mechanisms of non-shivering
Marco Tozzi et al.
Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 228(2), e13360-e13360 (2019-08-11)
Extracellular ATP signalling is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in several tissues, including adipose tissue. Adipocytes have crucial functions in lipid and glucose metabolism and they express purinergic receptors. However, the sources of extracellular ATP in adipose tissue
Rafael Contreras-Montoya et al.
ACS applied materials & interfaces, 13(10), 11672-11682 (2021-03-05)
Protein therapeutics have a major role in medicine in that they are used to treat diverse pathologies. Their three-dimensional structures not only offer higher specificity and lower toxicity than small organic compounds but also make them less stable, limiting their
Yunzhi Liu et al.
Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 42(1), 38-38 (2023-02-02)
Hepatic inflammation is a common initiator of liver diseases and considered as the primary driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise mechanism of inflammation-induced HCC development and immune evasion remains elusive and requires extensive investigation. This study sought to identify the
Linda Jacobsen et al.
BioTechniques, 47(1), 617-624 (2009-07-15)
Transfection is used to introduce a gene of interest into a cell. To interpret the downstream results, understanding which effects are the true biological responses to the gene and which, if any, are off-target effects can be difficult. In order
Leah Schembs et al.
Cell reports, 39(7), 110811-110811 (2022-05-19)
Defects in primary cilia, cellular antennas that control multiple intracellular signaling pathways, underlie several neurodevelopmental disorders, but it remains unknown how cilia control essential steps in human brain formation. Here, we show that cilia are present on the apical surface
Tomoka Takao et al.
STAR protocols, 3(4), 101786-101786 (2022-11-02)
Here, we present a protocol for the selective differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells mimicking human developmental processes into expandable PRRX1+ limb-bud mesenchymal (ExpLBM) cells. This approach enables expansion through serial passage while maintaining capacity for chondrogenic differentiation. For complete
Jose M Martin-Garcia et al.
Journal of synchrotron radiation, 29(Pt 3), 896-907 (2022-05-06)
The increase in successful adaptations of serial crystallography at synchrotron radiation sources continues. To date, the number of serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX) experiments has grown exponentially, with over 40 experiments reported so far. In this work, we report the first
Hayma Hammoud et al.
Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 232(2), e13623-e13623 (2021-02-10)
We examined if tonic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated currents in primary hippocampal neurons were modulated by insulin in wild-type and tg-APPSwe mice, an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. GABA-activated currents were recorded in dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons
Jean Berthelet et al.
Science advances, 7(28) (2021-07-09)
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a driver of breast cancer progression, but the nature of the clonal interactive network involved in this process remains unclear. Here, we optimized the use of optical barcoding to visualize and characterize 31 cancer subclones in vivo.
Pasquale Nigro et al.
Diabetes, 70(6), 1250-1264 (2021-02-11)
Recent studies demonstrate that adaptations to white adipose tissue (WAT) are important components of the beneficial effects of exercise training on metabolic health. Exercise training favorably alters the phenotype of subcutaneous inguinal WAT (iWAT) in male mice, including decreasing fat
E A Gorbunov et al.
Nutrition & diabetes, 5, e169-e169 (2015-07-07)
It has been previously shown that Subetta (a drug containing released-active forms of antibodies to the insulin receptor β-subunit and antibodies to endothelial nitric oxide synthase) stimulated insulin-induced adiponectin production by mature human adipocytes in the absence of insulin. Therefore
Karl J Wahlin et al.
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 9, 764725-764725 (2021-12-07)
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent a powerful tool to investigate human eye development and disease. When grown in 3D, they can self-assemble into laminar organized retinas; however, variation in the size, shape and composition of individual organoids exists. Neither
Neuronal enhancers are hotspots for DNA single-strand break repair.
Wu, et al.
Nature, 593, 440-444 (2023)
Kristina Xiao Liang et al.
EMBO molecular medicine, 12(10), e12146-e12146 (2020-08-26)
Mutations in POLG disrupt mtDNA replication and cause devastating diseases often with neurological phenotypes. Defining disease mechanisms has been hampered by limited access to human tissues, particularly neurons. Using patient cells carrying POLG mutations, we generated iPSCs and then neural
Kimberly M Stauffer et al.
Cancer medicine, 10(21), 7692-7711 (2021-09-29)
Cancer resequencing studies have revealed epigenetic enzymes as common targets for recurrent mutations. The monomethyltransferase MLL3 is among the most recurrently mutated enzymes in ER+ breast cancer. The H3K4me1 marks created by MLL3 can define enhancers. In ER+ breast cancer, ERα genome-binding
Shawna L McMillin et al.
Biomolecules, 12(12) (2022-12-24)
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is believed to solely mediate basal (insulin-independent) glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; yet recent work has demonstrated that mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training, increases muscle GLUT1 levels. The primary objective of this study
Ling Shuai et al.
Current protocols in stem cell biology, 31, 1A-1A (2014-11-05)
In this unit we introduce the derivation and genetic modification of mouse haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells. We detail how to produce haploid embryos and the subsequent ES derivation and cell culture. We further introduce readers to the intracytoplasmic injection
Shawna L Jurlina et al.
Genes, 13(12) (2022-12-24)
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) offer an exciting resource for probing human biology; however, gene-editing efficiency remains relatively low in many cell types, including stem cells. Gene-editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 system offers an attractive solution that improves upon previous gene-editing approaches;
Cody D Smith et al.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 320(5), E938-E950 (2021-04-06)
Elevated mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission and an oxidative shift in cytosolic redox environment have been linked to high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. To test specifically whether increased flux through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, in the absence of elevated
Recapitulating porcine cardiac development in vitro: from expanded potential stem cell to embryo culture models.
Rawat, et al.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11, 1111684-1111684 (2023)
Giulia Salvadori et al.
Cell metabolism, 33(11), 2247-2259 (2021-11-04)
Metastatic tumors remain lethal due to primary/acquired resistance to therapy or cancer stem cell (CSC)-mediated repopulation. We show that a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) activates starvation escape pathways in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which can be identified and targeted by
Shawna L McMillin et al.
International journal of molecular sciences, 22(9) (2021-06-03)
Denervation rapidly induces insulin resistance (i.e., impairments in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and signaling proteins) in skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, whether this metabolic derangement is long-lasting is presently not clear. The main goal of this study was to determine if insulin resistance
Helen Zhao et al.
Frontiers in neuroscience, 14, 607711-607711 (2021-02-02)
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) is a disease that potentially threatens a large segment of high-altitude populations during extended living at altitudes above 2,500 m. Patients with CMS suffer from severe hypoxemia, excessive erythrocytosis and neurologic deficits. The cellular mechanisms underlying
Yuli Lin et al.
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 75(1), 28-42 (2021-08-14)
We previously demonstrated that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote tumor growth through recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is highly expressed in myeloid cells and is critical for synthesizing leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which is involved in tumor progression by
Parisha P Shah et al.
Genome biology, 24(1), 16-16 (2023-01-24)
Association of chromatin with lamin proteins at the nuclear periphery has emerged as a potential mechanism to coordinate cell type-specific gene expression and maintain cellular identity via gene silencing. Unlike many histone modifications and chromatin-associated proteins, lamina-associated domains (LADs) are
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