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E Vangronsveld et al.
International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 213(6), 475-488 (2010-09-21)
It is well known that the use of MDI (methylene diphenyldiisocyanate) as an alternative for formaldehyde-based resins is seen as a responsible option to reduce formaldehyde emissions for CWP (Composite Wood Products) in buildings. However, there are concerns raised regarding
X Baur
Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany), 65(6), 340-346 (2010-12-15)
This is an updated overview of indications, contraindications, performance and interpretation of bronchial challenge tests. As speciality, the diagnostic step by step scheme comprises in addition to the clinical case history a detailed exposure (occupational) history, lung function testing, assessment
Xianwu Zou et al.
Bioresource technology, 114, 654-657 (2012-04-14)
The aim of the present study was to determine whether polyurethane (PU) foams can be prepared from heavy oil derived from biomass liquefaction. Since the hydroxyl number of the heavy oil was only 212 mg KOH/g, it was modified by
Hille Suojalehto et al.
American journal of industrial medicine, 54(12), 906-910 (2011-10-12)
Orthopedic plaster casts contain methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). A few case reports have suggested occupational asthma to MDI in casting work. However, the knowledge of the exposure levels related to the occupational asthma cases is lacking. We report on two
Gabriele Sabbioni et al.
Chemical research in toxicology, 25(12), 2704-2714 (2012-11-28)
4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is the most important isocyanate used in the chemical industry. Lung sensitization and asthma are the main types of damage after exposure to MDI. Albumin adducts of MDI might be involved in the etiology of sensitization reactions.
Kristiina Aalto-Korte et al.
Contact dermatitis, 67(2), 78-88 (2012-03-21)
The monomeric isocyanates diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) are used in polyurethane products and sometimes cause contact allergy. To describe patients with isocyanate contact allergy in an occupational dermatology clinic. Test files
Jürgen Pauluhn
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP, 61(3), 351-364 (2011-10-22)
Polymeric methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is a high production volume chemical intermediate consisting of monomeric 4,4'-MDI, its 2,2'- and 2,4'-isomers, and higher oligomeric homologues. The toxicity of pMDI has systematically been investigated in previous regulatory and mechanistic studies. One cornerstone of
Polyurethane cationomers synthesised with 4, 4?-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate), polyoxyethylene glycol and N-methyl diethanolamine
Piotr Krol, et al.
Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1111-1122 (2008)
Cuili Zhang et al.
Journal of molecular modeling, 16(8), 1391-1399 (2010-02-16)
Hydrogen bonding among hard-hard segments and hard-soft segments in 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)-based polyurethane was investigated theoretically by density functional theory (DFT). Both B3LYP/6-31G* and B3PW91/6-31G* methods gave good structures, reasonable Mulliken charges, binding energies, dipole moments, and good infrared (IR)
Taeyi Choi et al.
Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition, 22(7), 973-980 (2010-12-15)
Novel hard-block-only polyurethanes are prepared from 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and a pre-polymer synthesized separately from 1,3-bis (4-hydroxybutyl) tetramethyl disiloxane (BHTD) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Three (co)polymers using different proportions of these chain extenders were synthesized using reaction injection moulding, and their
Maj-Len Henriks-Eckerman et al.
Toxicology letters, 232(3), 595-600 (2014-12-30)
The causal relationship between inhalation exposure to methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and the risk of occupational asthma is well known, but the role of dermal exposure and dermal uptake of MDI in this process is still unclear. The aims of this
Anoop Kumar et al.
Chemical research in toxicology, 22(12), 1975-1983 (2009-11-26)
4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is the most important of the isocyanates used as intermediates in the chemical industry. Among the main types of damage after exposure to low levels of MDI are lung sensitization and asthma. Albumin adducts of MDI might
Journal of Applied Physiology, 70, 6983-6983 (1991)
Cytotoxicity and mechanical behavior of chitin-bentonite clay based polyurethane bio-nanocomposites.
Khalid Mahmood Zia et al.
International journal of biological macromolecules, 49(5), 1131-1136 (2011-09-29)
Chitin based polyurethane bio-nanocomposites (PUBNC) were prepared using chitin, Delite HPS bentonite nanoclay enriched in montmorillonite (MMT), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and polycaprolactone polyol CAPA 231 (3000 g/mol(-1)). The prepolymers having different concentration of Delite HPS bentonite nanoclay were extended with
Adam V Wisnewski et al.
Analytical biochemistry, 400(2), 251-258 (2010-02-04)
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), the chemical commonly used as a cross-linking agent in commercial polyurethane production, is a well-recognized cause of asthma. Reaction products between MDI and "self" proteins are hypothesized to act as antigens capable of inducing airway inflammation and
Malin Engfeldt et al.
Contact dermatitis, 68(2), 98-102 (2012-08-30)
Two outbreaks of allergic contact dermatitis caused by isocyanates at two companies in southern Sweden initiated a research project focusing on contact allergy to isocyanates. Within the project, there was an interest in determining how often contact allergy to the
Gabriele Sabbioni et al.
Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals, 15(6), 508-515 (2010-06-18)
4,4'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is the most important of the isocyanates used as intermediates in the chemical industry. Among the main types of damage after exposure to low levels of MDI are lung sensitization and asthma. Albumin adducts of MDI might
Preparation and Characterization of Isosorbide-Based Self-Healable Polyurethane Elastomers with Thermally Reversible Bonds
Han-Na Kim, et al.
Molecules (Basel), 24 (2019)
A comparison of two sampling methods for the detection of airborne methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate.
Joshua W Schaeffer et al.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene, 10(4), 213-221 (2013-02-28)
The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference between two readily available sampling methodologies for airborne methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), which is an essential precursor in the spray-on truck bed lining industry. Seventy-two personal
Haneen Hamada et al.
Contact dermatitis, 66(2), 101-105 (2011-11-19)
To investigate the dermal uptake of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), a study was performed in which 2 female volunteers were exposed to 10 and 25 mg, respectively, of 4,4'-MDI by applying 2.0% 4,4'-MDI in petrolatum over areas where the surface concentration
Adam V Wisnewski et al.
Molecular immunology, 54(2), 233-237 (2013-01-09)
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), a low molecular weight chemical important for producing polyurethane foam, coatings, and elastomers is a major cause of occupational asthma, however, mechanisms of disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This study characterizes the rearranged germline and hypervariable
Malin Engfeldt et al.
Contact dermatitis, 68(3), 175-180 (2012-10-11)
A 43-year-old woman was referred by her occupational health service with suspected occupational contact dermatitis. In connection with the investigation, a workplace visit was undertaken at her company, which used an adhesive based on pre-polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate in one of
Jürgen Pauluhn et al.
Toxicology, 281(1-3), 15-24 (2011-01-18)
Occupational exposure to polymeric diphenylmethane-diisocyanate (MDI), a known human asthmagen, can be attributed to two potential routes: the skin and the respiratory tract. While the skin as the route of sensitization was the focus of a previous investigation (Pauluhn, 2008)
Mitchell R Ladd et al.
Tissue engineering. Part A, 25(17-18), 1225-1241 (2019-01-18)
This study is significant because it demonstrates an attempt to design a scaffold specifically for small intestine using a novel fabrication method, resulting in an architecture that resembles intestinal villi. In addition, we use the versatile polymer poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS)
Adam V Wisnewski et al.
Chemico-biological interactions, 205(1), 38-45 (2013-06-25)
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) is among the leading chemical causes of occupational asthma world-wide, however, the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis remain unclear. This study tests the hypothesis that glutathione (GSH) reacts with MDI to form quasi-stable conjugates, capable of mediating
Jyun-Yan Ye et al.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 14(4) (2021-02-11)
A series of N-substituted polyether-block-amide (PEBA-X%) copolymers were prepared by melt polycondensation of nylon-6 prepolymer and polytetramethylene ether glycol at an elevated temperature using titanium isopropoxide as a catalyst. The structure, thermal properties, and crystallinity of PEBA-X% were investigated using
Hanna K Lindberg et al.
Mutation research, 723(1), 1-10 (2011-04-02)
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), used in the production of polyurethane foam, are well known for their irritating and sensitizing properties. Contradictory results have been obtained on their genotoxicity. We investigated the genotoxicity and protein binding of inhaled
Anning Wang et al.
International journal of pharmaceutics, 441(1-2), 30-39 (2012-12-25)
A series of temperature- and pH-responsive polyurethanes based on hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were synthesized by a coupling reaction with bis-1,4-(hydroxyethyl) piperazine (HEP), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and N-butyldiethanolamine (BDEA), respectively. The chemical structure, molecular weight, thermal property and
H D Hoffmann et al.
Toxicology letters, 199(3), 364-371 (2010-10-12)
Polyurethanes (PU) are polymers made with diisocyanates such as MDI (4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) and TDI (2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate). Investigations have been undertaken with MDI and TDI to assess dermal uptake and resulting systemic exposure. Absorption, distribution and excretion
Unique foreign body ingestions in the pediatric population.
Sheila Isabelle Goertemoeller et al.
Journal of emergency nursing: JEN : official publication of the Emergency Department Nurses Association, 36(2), 178-179 (2010-03-10)
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