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Qian Wang et al.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105(19), 1463-1473 (2013-09-21)
L-type amino acid transporters (LATs) uptake neutral amino acids including L-leucine into cells, stimulating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling and protein synthesis. LAT1 and LAT3 are overexpressed at different stages of prostate cancer, and they are responsible for
Tian You et al.
DNA and cell biology, 32(5), 252-259 (2013-04-18)
Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is an esterase that is involved in the detoxification of organophosphate insecticides. Emerging lines of evidence have shown that functional polymorphisms in the PON1 gene might play a critical role in increasing susceptibility to organophosphate toxicity, but
Shih-Chia Tso et al.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(24), 9728-9733 (2013-05-30)
The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are elevated in maple syrup urine disease, heart failure, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. BCAA homeostasis is controlled by the mitochondrial branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), which is negatively regulated by
Xuejing Yu et al.
The FEBS journal, 281(1), 391-400 (2013-11-12)
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT) plays a key role in the biosynthesis of hydrophobic amino acids (such as leucine, isoleucine and valine), and its substrate spectrum has not been fully explored or exploited owing to the inescapable restrictions of previous
Fuminori Tanabe et al.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 441(1), 256-261 (2013-10-22)
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), enhancing α-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an important pathway to decrease neurotoxic amyloid β (Aβ) secretion. The α-secretase is reported to be regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) and various endogenous proteins or
Maarke J E Roelofs et al.
Toxicology, 329, 10-20 (2015-01-13)
Although much information on the endocrine activity of bisphenol A (BPA) is available, a proper human hazard assessment of analogues that are believed to have a less harmful toxicity profile is lacking. Here the possible effects of BPA, bisphenol F
Marc Yudkoff et al.
The Journal of nutrition, 135(6 Suppl), 1531S-1538S (2005-06-03)
Glutamic acid is an important excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Two key goals of brain amino acid handling are to maintain a very low intrasynaptic concentration of glutamic acid and also to provide the system with precursors from which to
Jacqueline Boultwood et al.
Advances in biological regulation, 53(1), 8-17 (2012-10-04)
Patients with the 5q- syndrome and Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) suffer from a severe macrocytic anemia. The 5q- syndrome and DBA are disorders of aberrant ribosome biogenesis (ribosomopathies) and haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein genes RPS14 and RPS19, respectively, underlies the
Zhi-Feng Miao et al.
Cell stem cell, 26(6), 910-925 (2020-04-04)
Cellular metabolism plays important functions in dictating stem cell behaviors, although its role in stomach epithelial homeostasis has not been evaluated in depth. Here, we show that the energy sensor AMP kinase (AMPK) governs gastric epithelial progenitor differentiation. Administering the
Yuki Usami et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1838(7), 1719-1729 (2014-04-05)
Leucine is a major amino acid in nutrients and proteins and is also an important precursor of higher alcohols during brewing. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, leucine uptake is mediated by multiple amino acid permeases, including the high-affinity leucine permease Bap2. Although
Y Zhang et al.
Cell death & disease, 5, e1352-e1352 (2014-07-25)
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital red cell aplasia that classically presents during early infancy in DBA patients. Approximately, 25% of patients carry a mutation in the ribosomal protein (RP) S19 gene; mutations in RPS24, RPS17, RPL35A, RPL11, and
Stefan M Pasiakos et al.
Nutrition reviews, 69(9), 550-557 (2011-09-03)
Skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) is regulated by a number of dietary factors, to include essential amino acids (EAAs). Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, has been identified as a stimulator of MPS in many cell culture and animal studies. However
Renato V Iozzo et al.
The FEBS journal, 277(19), 3864-3875 (2010-09-16)
The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are involved in many aspects of mammalian biology, both in health and disease. They are now being recognized as key signaling molecules with an expanding repertoire of molecular interactions affecting not only growth factors, but
Chang-Sik Oh et al.
FEBS letters, 587(10), 1460-1465 (2013-04-16)
Tomato MAPK kinase SlMKK2 is a key protein regulating immunity-associated programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. We examined the role of the N-terminal MAPK-docking site (or D-site) of SlMKK2 in PCD elicitation. In vivo assays revealed that SlMKK2 interacted with
Philipp K Haber et al.
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 63(4), 774-782 (2014-01-22)
Angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of Ang II. XNT (1-[(2-dimethylamino)ethylamino]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-7-[(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl oxy]-9H-xanthene-9-one) and diminazene have been reported to exert various organ-protective effects, which are attributed to the activation of ACE2. To test the
Dong-Hee Choi et al.
PloS one, 9(12), e115954-e115954 (2014-12-24)
In the present study we investigated the interplay between matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) in the process of dopamine (DA) neuronal death. We found that MMP3 activation causes the induction of Nox1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen
Daniel Albeny-Simões et al.
Ecosphere (Washington, D.C), 6(3) (2015-04-07)
We investigated three pathways by which predators on an intermediate trophic level may produce a trophic cascade in detritus-based systems. Predators may increase lower trophic levels (bacteria) by reducing density of bacteriovores, by altering behavior of bacteriovores, and by processing
Chunhui Deng et al.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 775(1), 115-120 (2002-07-09)
A new method for quantifying specific amino acids in small volumes of plasma and whole blood has been developed. Volatile derivatives of amino acids are analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method only takes a few minutes to perform and
J K Nicholson et al.
The Biochemical journal, 217(2), 365-375 (1984-01-15)
Resonances for the ketone bodies 3-D-hydroxybutyrate, acetone and acetoacetate are readily detected in serum, plasma and urine samples from fasting and diabetic subjects by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy at 400 MHz. Besides the simultaneous observation of metabolites, the major advantage of
U Langenbeck et al.
Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 4(2), 69-70 (1981-01-01)
Renal clearance of phenylpyruvic acid is maximal at a plasma concentration of 40-60 mumol/l. This concentration is obtained with plasma phenylalanine concentrations of 1.0-1.2 mmol/l, the threshold for separating classical phenylketonuria from phenylketonuria variants.
Marta S Madeira et al.
The British journal of nutrition, 111(9), 1521-1535 (2014-02-08)
The cumulative effects of dietary arginine, leucine and protein levels on fat content, fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of genes controlling lipid metabolism in pig longissimus lumborum muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were investigated. The experiment was performed
David S Wishart et al.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences, 871(2), 164-173 (2008-05-27)
With continuing improvements in analytical technology and an increased interest in comprehensive metabolic profiling of biofluids and tissues, there is a growing need to develop comprehensive reference resources for certain clinically important biofluids, such as blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid
A N Fonteh et al.
Amino acids, 32(2), 213-224 (2006-10-13)
Our aim was to determine changes in free amino acid (FAA) and dipeptide (DP) concentrations in probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD) subjects compared with control (CT) subjects using liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS2). We recruited gender- and
H C Curtius et al.
Journal of chromatography, 112, 523-531 (1975-10-29)
A specific and very sensitive method for the determination of 5-hydroxy-tryptophol (5-HTOL) and 5-methoxytryptophol (5-MTOL) in extracts from human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) involving the use of mass fragmentography and pentafluoropriopionyl derivatives is described. 5-HTOL and 5-MTOL were determined in human
Alexandre Pastoris Müller et al.
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 238(1), 31-36 (2013-03-13)
Thyroid hormone deficiency during perinatal development results in significant alterations in neurological functions. The relationship between such events and brain metabolism is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on leucine, mannose
Edward A Pankey et al.
American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 306(1), H33-H40 (2013-11-05)
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel is a nonselective cation channel expressed on many cell types, including the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. TRPV4 channels play a role in regulating vasomotor tone and capillary permeability. The present
Yazmin Macotela et al.
PloS one, 6(6), e21187-e21187 (2011-07-07)
Environmental factors, such as the macronutrient composition of the diet, can have a profound impact on risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In the present study we demonstrate how a single, simple dietary factor--leucine--can modify insulin resistance by acting on
Seok-Min Kang et al.
Clinical biochemistry, 44(4), 293-299 (2010-12-21)
We sought to identify metabolic pathways characterizing human heart failure (HF) using ¹NMR based urinary metabolomic analysis in conjunction with multivariate statistics. Patients with systolic HF of ischemic origin (n=15) and healthy controls (n=20) participated in this study. Patients with
Major clinical response to a BRAF inhibitor in a patient with a BRAF L597R-mutated melanoma.
Philippe Bahadoran et al.
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 31(19), e324-e326 (2013-05-30)
Jean Jitomir et al.
Journal of medicinal food, 11(4), 606-609 (2008-12-05)
As obesity rates continue to climb, there is a pressing need for novel weight loss techniques. However, the energy-restricted diets recommended for weight loss typically result in significant amounts of lean tissue loss, in addition to the desired body fat
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