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Blanca I Aldana et al.
Molecular brain, 13(1), 125-125 (2020-09-16)
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is amongst the most prevalent early onset dementias and even though it is clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous, a crucial involvement of metabolic perturbations in FTD pathology is being recognized. However, changes in metabolism at the cellular
Juanita Mathews et al.
Cancers, 14(6) (2022-03-26)
Glioblastoma is a lethal brain cancer that commonly recurs after tumor resection and chemotherapy treatment. Depolarized resting membrane potentials and an acidic intertumoral extracellular pH have been associated with a proliferative state and drug resistance, suggesting that forced hyperpolarization and
Asad Jan et al.
Acta neuropathologica communications, 6(1), 54-54 (2018-07-03)
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading neurodegenerative cause of motor disability. Pathologic accumulation of aggregated alpha synuclein (AS) protein in brain, and imbalance in the nigrostriatal system due to the loss of dopaminergic
Silvana Konermann et al.
Cell, 173(3), 665-676 (2018-03-20)
Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems endow microbes with diverse mechanisms for adaptive immunity. Here, we analyzed prokaryotic genome and metagenome sequences to identify an uncharacterized family of RNA-guided, RNA-targeting CRISPR systems that we classify as type VI-D. Biochemical characterization and protein
Kitra Cates et al.
Cell stem cell, 28(1), 127-140 (2020-09-23)
Cell-fate conversion generally requires reprogramming effectors to both introduce fate programs of the target cell type and erase the identity of starting cell population. Here, we reveal insights into the activity of microRNAs miR-9/9∗ and miR-124 (miR-9/9∗-124) as reprogramming agents
Jennifer F Pinello et al.
Developmental cell, 56(24), 3380-3392 (2021-11-24)
Union of two gametes to form a zygote is a defining event in the life of sexual eukaryotes, yet the mechanisms that underlie cell-cell fusion during fertilization remain poorly characterized. Here, in studies of fertilization in the green alga, Chlamydomonas
Tadashi Abe et al.
International journal of oncology, 54(2), 550-558 (2018-12-21)
Dynamin copolymerizes with cortactin to form a ring‑like complex that bundles and stabilizes actin filaments. Actin bundle formation is crucial for generation of filopodia and lamellipodia, which guide migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. However, it is unknown how
Petros Stathakos et al.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 1880, 257-280 (2019-01-06)
To appreciate the positive or negative impact of autophagy during the initiation and progression of human diseases, the isolation or de novo generation of appropriate cell types is required to support focused in vitro assays. In human neurodegenerative diseases such
Yi-Hao Chan et al.
Nature, 632(8024), 390-400 (2024-07-26)
Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained1,2. Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is
Jungwoo Wren Kim et al.
Cell stem cell, 27(4), 633-645 (2020-08-28)
The G2019S mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). This mutation results in dopaminergic neurodegeneration via dysregulated protein translation, although how alterations in protein synthesis contribute to neurodegeneration in human neurons
Feng Yin et al.
CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 18(12), 1012-1020 (2012-11-30)
To assess the clinical effect of transplantation of human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells into the unilateral postcommissural putamen for treatment for Parkinson disease (PD). Cells from postmortem human eye tissue (10-20 weeks of gestation) were cultured in vitro. Cells from
Pulak R Manna et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 288(12), 8505-8518 (2013-01-31)
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in steroidogenic tissues and, thus, facilitates cholesterol availability for steroidogenesis. The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) controls the rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis. However, the modes of action of HSL in
Shenae L Cafe et al.
Bio-protocol, 10(14), e3689-e3689 (2021-03-05)
The acrosome reaction is a highly regulated exocytotic event that primes spermatozoa for successful fertilization. Upon induction, acrosomal exocytosis proceeds via a wave of vesiculation that radiates across the sperm head, destabilizing the acrosomal vesicle and resulting in the release
Tore B Stage et al.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 108(3), 671-680 (2020-04-11)
Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common and dose-limiting adverse event. The role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the neuronal efflux of paclitaxel was assessed using a translational approach. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated to neurons and paclitaxel toxicity in the absence and
Rajesh Bhattacharjee et al.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 423(1), 85-90 (2012-05-29)
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine that plays a role in immunity and the control of cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. The pleiotropic nature of TNF is due to the formation of different signaling complexes
Douglas Kline
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 518, 135-156 (2008-12-17)
Quantitative microinjection is used to introduce known quantities of molecules or probes into single cells to examine cellular function. The relatively large mammalian oocyte or egg is easily manipulated and can be injected with impermeant reagents including a variety of
Christina Cicerchi et al.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 28(8), 3339-3350 (2014-04-24)
Reduced AMP kinase (AMPK) activity has been shown to play a key deleterious role in increased hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetes, but the mechanism whereby this occurs remains unclear. In this article, we document that another AMP-dependent enzyme, AMP deaminase (AMPD)
Qiaojuan Zhang et al.
Journal of neurochemistry, 151(2), 238-254 (2019-03-20)
Herpes simplex virus-type 1 (HSV-1) infection of sensory neurons may lead to a significant reduction in the expression of voltage-activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, which can disrupt the transmission of pain information. Viral infection also results in the secretion of
Yunlong Tao et al.
Nature medicine, 27(4), 632-639 (2021-03-03)
Degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the midbrain underlies the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Supplement of DA via L-DOPA alleviates motor symptoms but does not prevent the progressive loss of DA neurons. A large body of experimental studies, including
Subashika Govindan et al.
Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8, 582650-582650 (2021-02-19)
Minibrain is a 3D brain in vitro spheroid model, composed of a mixed population of neurons and glial cells, generated from human iPSC derived neural stem cells. Despite the advances in human 3D in vitro models such as aggregates, spheroids
Jinghui Xu et al.
Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 29(1), 79-79 (2023-06-27)
Myelin sheath is a crucial accessory to the functional nerve-fiber unit, its disruption or loss can lead to axonal degeneration and subsequent neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Notwithstanding of substantial progress in possible molecular mechanisms underlying myelination, there is no therapeutics that
Jialuo Mai et al.
Molecular oncology, 13(7), 1589-1604 (2019-06-05)
Activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) pathway induces glial differentiation of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, but the mechanism by which microRNA (miRNA) regulate this process remains poorly understood. In this study, by performing miRNA genomics and loss- and
Shu-Ting Chen et al.
Neural regeneration research, 15(12), 2335-2343 (2020-07-01)
SHANK2 is a scaffold protein that serves as a protein anchor at the postsynaptic density in neurons. Genetic variants of SHANK2 are strongly associated with synaptic dysfunction and the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Recent studies indicate that early neuronal
Magnus L Hansson et al.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 35(11), e21896-e21896 (2021-10-12)
Surgical intervention with the use of autografts is considered the gold standard to treat peripheral nerve injuries. However, a biomaterial that supports and guides nerve growth would be an attractive alternative to overcome problems with limited availability, morbidity at the
Philipp Hörmann et al.
Cell death discovery, 7(1), 151-151 (2021-07-07)
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanin (L-DOPA or levodopa) is currently the most used drug to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). After crossing the blood-brain barrier, it is enzymatically converted to dopamine by neuronal cells and restores depleted endogenous neurotransmitter levels. L-DOPA is prone
Annelieke S Wentzel et al.
Frontiers in immunology, 11, 152-152 (2020-03-12)
Macrophages play important roles in conditions ranging from host immune defense to tissue regeneration and polarize their functional phenotype accordingly. Next to differences in the use of L-arginine and the production of different cytokines, inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2
Jun Fu et al.
Fertility and sterility, 99(3), 882-888 (2012-12-06)
To demonstrate that capacitation in mouse spermatozoa involves alterations in the expression and localization of ACTL7a. Determine the alteration in the expression level and localization of ACTL7a in the induction of capacitation in mouse spermatozoa. The Institute of Basic Medical
Serena Gea Giannelli et al.
iScience, 27(5), 109777-109777 (2024-05-07)
Although adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) has been highly exploited as delivery platform for gene-based therapies, its efficacy is hampered by low efficiency in crossing the adult blood-brain barrier (BBB) and pronounced targeting to the liver upon intravenous delivery. We generated
Yongchao Mou et al.
Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, (156) (2020-02-25)
Neurons have intense demands for high energy in order to support their functions. Impaired mitochondrial transport along axons has been observed in human neurons, which may contribute to neurodegeneration in various disease states. Although it is challenging to examine mitochondrial
Vidya Padmanabhan Nair et al.
Cell stem cell, 28(9), 1566-1581 (2021-05-06)
The biological function and disease association of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are largely elusive. HERV-K(HML-2) has been associated with neurotoxicity, but there is no clear understanding of its role or mechanistic basis. We addressed the physiological functions of HERV-K(HML-2) in
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