G1001

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Cholinergic modulation of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels regulates synaptic strength and spine calcium in cartwheel cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus.

Shan He et al.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(15), 5261-5272 (2014-04-11)

Acetylcholine is a neuromodulatory transmitter that controls synaptic plasticity and sensory processing in many brain regions. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is an auditory brainstem nucleus that integrates auditory signals from the cochlea with multisensory inputs from several brainstem nuclei

Patient and tumor characteristics and BRAF and KRAS mutations in colon cancer, NCCTG/Alliance N0147.

Wilson I Gonsalves et al.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 106(7), doi:10-doi:10 (2014-06-14)

KRAS and BRAF (V600E) mutations are important predictive and prognostic markers, respectively, in colon cancer, but little is known about patient and clinical factors associated with them. Two thousand three hundred twenty-six of 3397 patients in the N0147 phase III

Neuroprotective effect of exercise in rat hippocampal slices submitted to in vitro ischemia is promoted by decrease of glutamate release and pro-apoptotic markers.

Flávio Afonso Gonçalves Mourão et al.

Journal of neurochemistry, 131(1), 65-73 (2014-06-07)

The role of physical exercise as a neuroprotective agent against ischemic injury has been extensively discussed. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the effects of physical exercise on cerebral ischemia remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that physical exercise increases

Cerebral tau is elevated after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and associated with brain metabolic distress and poor functional and cognitive long-term outcome.

Raimund Helbok et al.

Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 86(1), 79-86 (2014-04-18)

Recent evidence suggests axonal injury after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). The microtubule-associated protein, tau, has been shown to be elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid after aSAH, however, brain extracellular tau levels and their relation to long-term neurological and cognitive outcomes

Acetate is a bioenergetic substrate for human glioblastoma and brain metastases.

Tomoyuki Mashimo et al.

Cell, 159(7), 1603-1614 (2014-12-20)

Glioblastomas and brain metastases are highly proliferative brain tumors with short survival times. Previously, using (13)C-NMR analysis of brain tumors resected from patients during infusion of (13)C-glucose, we demonstrated that there is robust oxidation of glucose in the citric acid

Cannabinoid CB1 receptor in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons: distinctive sufficiency for hippocampus-dependent and amygdala-dependent synaptic and behavioral functions.

Sabine Ruehle et al.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 33(25), 10264-10277 (2013-06-21)

A major goal in current neuroscience is to understand the causal links connecting protein functions, neural activity, and behavior. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in different neuronal subpopulations, and is engaged in fine-tuning excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Studies using

X-ray structure of a novel L-ribose isomerase acting on a non-natural sugar L-ribose as its ideal substrate.

Hiromi Yoshida et al.

The FEBS journal, 281(14), 3150-3164 (2014-05-23)

l-Ribose, a pentose, is not known to exist in nature. Although organisms typically do not have a metabolic pathway that uses l-ribose as a carbon source, prokaryotes use various sugars as carbon sources for survival. Acinetobacter sp. DL-28 has been

Specification of spatial identities of cerebellar neuron progenitors by ptf1a and atoh1 for proper production of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons.

Mayumi Yamada et al.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(14), 4786-4800 (2014-04-04)

In the cerebellum, the bHLH transcription factors Ptf1a and Atoh1 are expressed in distinct neuroepithelial regions, the ventricular zone (VZ) and the rhombic lip (RL), and are required for producing GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, respectively. However, it is unclear whether

Dietary glutamate is almost entirely removed in its first pass through the splanchnic bed in premature infants.

Stéphane P Haÿs et al.

Pediatric research, 62(3), 353-356 (2007-07-12)

Breast milk glutamate is a potential gluconeogenic substrate. However, in piglets, most dietary glutamate undergoes first pass extraction by the gut, limiting its contribution to glucose formation. The objectives of the study were to determine in preterm infants, whether dietary

Implication of glutamate in the kinetics of insulin secretion in rat and mouse perfused pancreas.

Pierre Maechler et al.

Diabetes, 51 Suppl 1, S99-102 (2002-01-30)

It is intriguing that the kinetics of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from the in situ perfused pancreas differ between the rat and the mouse. Here we confirm that insulin release in the rat is clearly biphasic, whereas in the mouse glucose

Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.

Adam E Locke et al.

Nature, 518(7538), 197-206 (2015-02-13)

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess

Study on dioxygen reduction by mutational modifications of the hydrogen bond network leading from bulk water to the trinuclear copper center in bilirubin oxidase.

Hirotoshi Morishita et al.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 450(1), 767-772 (2014-06-22)

The hydrogen bond network leading from bulk water to the trinuclear copper center in bilirubin oxidase is constructed with Glu463 and water molecules to transport protons for the four-electron reduction of dioxygen. Substitutions of Glu463 with Gln or Ala were

Roles of the protruding loop of factor B essential for the localization of lipoproteins (LolB) in the anchoring of bacterial triacylated proteins to the outer membrane.

Yumi Hayashi et al.

The Journal of biological chemistry, 289(15), 10530-10539 (2014-02-27)

The Lol system comprising five Lol proteins, LolA through LolE, sorts Escherichia coli lipoproteins to outer membranes. The LolCDE complex, an ATP binding cassette transporter in inner membranes, releases outer membrane-specific lipoproteins in an ATP-dependent manner, causing formation of the

Allosteric control of an ionotropic glutamate receptor with an optical switch.

Matthew Volgraf et al.

Nature chemical biology, 2(1), 47-52 (2006-01-13)

The precise regulation of protein activity is fundamental to life. The allosteric control of an active site by a remote regulatory binding site is a mechanism of regulation found across protein classes, from enzymes to motors to signaling proteins. We

Binding of ArgTX-636 in the NMDA receptor ion channel.

Mette H Poulsen et al.

Journal of molecular biology, 427(1), 176-189 (2014-05-28)

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) constitute an important class of ligand-gated cation channels that are involved in the majority of excitatory neurotransmission in the human brain. Compounds that bind in the NMDAR ion channel and act as blockers are use- and

Effect of caries removal techniques on the bond strength of adhesives to caries-affected primary dentin in vitro.

E Yildiz et al.

European journal of paediatric dentistry : official journal of European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, 14(3), 209-214 (2013-12-04)

The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effects of three different caries removal techniques on the microtensile bond strength of adhesive materials to caries-affected dentin. Thirty primary molar teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided

Therapeutics: Negative feedback.

Elie Dolgin

Nature, 508(7494), S10-S11 (2014-04-04)

Ultrafine carbon black induces glutamate and ATP release by activating connexin and pannexin hemichannels in cultured astrocytes.

Hongying Wei et al.

Toxicology, 323, 32-41 (2014-06-17)

Ultrafine particles could enter central nervous system and were associated with brain damage. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Glutamate and ATP are important signaling molecules in brain physiology and pathology. We investigated whether ultrafine carbon black (ufCB)

[Role of glutamate transporters in the pathophysiology of major mental illnesses].

Kohichi Tanaka

Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia pharmacologica Japonica, 142(6), 291-296 (2013-12-18)

Regulation of microtubule motors by tubulin isotypes and post-translational modifications.

Minhajuddin Sirajuddin et al.

Nature cell biology, 16(4), 335-344 (2014-03-19)

The 'tubulin-code' hypothesis proposes that different tubulin genes or post-translational modifications (PTMs), which mainly confer variation in the carboxy-terminal tail (CTT), result in unique interactions with microtubule-associated proteins for specific cellular functions. However, the inability to isolate distinct and homogeneous

Neuronal and astrocytic metabolism in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Linn Hege Nilsen et al.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 34(5), 906-914 (2014-03-07)

Regional hypometabolism of glucose in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about the specific alterations of neuronal and astrocytic metabolism involved in homeostasis of glutamate and GABA in AD. Here, we investigated the

Glutamate/glutamine metabolism coupling between astrocytes and glioma cells: neuroprotection and inhibition of glioma growth.

Pei-Sen Yao et al.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 450(1), 295-299 (2014-06-20)

Glioma glutamate release has been shown to promote the growth of glioma cells and induce neuronal injuries from epilepsy to neuronal death. However, potential counteractions from normal astrocytes against glioma glutamate release have not been fully evaluated. In this study

Clinical and radiographic response with combined BRAF-targeted therapy in stage 4 ameloblastoma.

Frederic J Kaye et al.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 107(1), 378-378 (2014-12-06)

Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibits glutamate release by attenuating the PGE2/EP2 pathway in rat cerebral cortex endings.

Tzu-Yu Lin et al.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 351(1), 134-145 (2014-07-23)

The excitotoxicity caused by excessive glutamate is a critical element in the neuropathology of acute and chronic brain disorders. Therefore, inhibition of glutamate release is a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for treating these diseases. In this study, we investigated the

Short-term starvation alters the free amino acid content of the human intestinal mucosa.

B Ahlman et al.

Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 86(6), 653-662 (1994-06-01)

1. The effects of short-term starvation and refeeding on the free amino acid concentrations of the intestinal mucosa were characterized in male subjects (n = 6), using endoscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the duodenum and from all four segments of

Loss of SIRT4 decreases GLT-1-dependent glutamate uptake and increases sensitivity to kainic acid.

Jennifer Shih et al.

Journal of neurochemistry, 131(5), 573-581 (2014-09-10)

Glutamate transport is a critical process in the brain that maintains low extracellular levels of glutamate to allow for efficient neurotransmission and prevent excitotoxicity. Loss of glutamate transport function is implicated in epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Reduction of MOPEG levels in cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic women after electroconvulsive treatment.

C Härnryd et al.

Psychopharmacology, 64(2), 131-134 (1979-08-08)

The effect of ECT on concentrations of monoamine metabolites in lumbar CSF of psychotic women with a schizophrenic symptomatology was examined. After a series of ECT there was a significant reduction of the concentration of the major noradrenaline metabolite, MOPEG.

Intraepidermal distribution of free amino acids in porcine skin.

W Meyer et al.

Journal of dermatological science, 2(5), 383-392 (1991-09-01)

The study describes the vertical distribution of free amino acids in the porcine epidermis as compared to the human integument, using a micro-determination TLC method based on the reaction of amino acids with dansyl chloride. This microanalytical approach demonstrated 22

Extracellular glutamate exposure facilitates group I mGluR-mediated epileptogenesis in the hippocampus.

Wangfa Zhao et al.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 35(1), 308-315 (2015-01-09)

Stimulation of group I mGluRs elicits several forms of translation-dependent neuronal plasticity including epileptogenesis. The translation process underlying plasticity induction is controlled by repressors including the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). In the absence of FMRP-mediated repression, a condition

The role of glial cells in epilepsy.

Kjell Heuser et al.

Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 134(1), 37-41 (2014-01-17)

Brain research in the last century was mainly directed at neurons, with the role of glia assumed to be limited to repair, supplying nutrients and above all acting as a packing material between neurons. In recent years, the importance of

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