G1002

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Proteomic analyses reveal divergent ubiquitylation site patterns in murine tissues.

Sebastian A Wagner et al.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, 11(12), 1578-1585 (2012-07-14)

Posttranslational modifications of proteins increase the complexity of the cellular proteome and enable rapid regulation of protein functions in response to environmental changes. Protein ubiquitylation is a central regulatory posttranslational modification that controls numerous biological processes including proteasomal degradation of

GlyGly-CTERM and rhombosortase: a C-terminal protein processing signal in a many-to-one pairing with a rhomboid family intramembrane serine protease.

Daniel H Haft et al.

PloS one, 6(12), e28886-e28886 (2011-12-24)

The rhomboid family of serine proteases occurs in all domains of life. Its members contain at least six hydrophobic membrane-spanning helices, with an active site serine located deep within the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. The model member GlpG

The pH dependent mechanisms of non-enzymatic peptide bond cleavage reactions.

Yi Sun et al.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP, 22(1), 107-113 (2019-12-07)

The non-enzymatic cleavage rates of amide bonds located in peptides in aqueous solution is pH-dependent and involves two distinct mechanisms: direct hydrolysis (herein termed "scission") and intramolecular aminolysis by the N-terminal amine (herein termed "backbiting"). While amide bond cleavage has

Inhibition of calcium-calmodulin complex formation by vasorelaxant basic dipeptides demonstrated by in vitro and in silico analyses.

Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee et al.

Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1840(10), 3073-3078 (2014-08-06)

Tryptophan-histidine (Trp-His) was found to suppress the activity of the Ca²⁺/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinases II (CaMKII), which requires the Ca²⁺-CaM complex for an initial activation. In this study, we attempted to clarify whether Trp-His inhibits Ca²⁺-CaM complex formation, a CaMKII

Impairment of jejunal absorption rate of carnosine by glycylglycine in man in vivo.

G C Cook

Gut, 17(4), 252-257 (1976-04-01)

Using a double-lumen tube jejunal perfusion system in vivo, the mutual effects of carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) and glycylglycine on their respective absorption rates have been studied in six Zambian African adults. Data on the effect of the constituent amino-acids of carnosine

Fragmental modeling of hPepT2 and analysis of its binding features by docking studies and pharmacophore mapping.

Alessandro Pedretti et al.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 19(15), 4544-4551 (2011-07-12)

Over the last years, considerable progress has been made for the identification and characterization of drug transporters, and several modeling studies have been undertaken to predict their effects on ADME profiling. Thus, this study was focused on the peptide transporter

Neochromine S5 improves contact hypersensitivity through a selective effect on activated T lymphocytes.

Zhe Gao et al.

Biochemical pharmacology, 92(2), 358-368 (2014-09-15)

Strategy on activated T cells is an effective treatment for T cell mediated diseases. By using a synthesized chromone derivative, we examined its effects on the activated T cells. This compound, (Z)-1,3-dihydroxy-9-methyl-13H-benzo[b]chromeno[3,2-f][1,4]oxazepin-13-one (neochromine S5), exhibited immunosuppressive activity in vitro and

Native and fluorescent dye-dependent single-DNA molecule microchip dynamics as measured by differential interference contrast microscopy.

Doori Oh et al.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England), 47(32), 9137-9139 (2011-07-14)

In a free solution of 10.0 mM Gly-Gly (pH 8.2), the flow directions of native-DNA and DNA molecules intercalated with the fluorescent dye YOYO-1 were reversed in the microchip channel. These results clearly showed that in a confined space and

Characterization of the C-terminal diglycine motif of SUMO-1/3.

Koji Yamada et al.

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 76(5), 1035-1037 (2012-06-29)

A hallmark of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is the production of a C-terminal tail containing diglycines (GGs), which are believed to be required for SUMOylation. Whether GGs are required components in SUMOylation remains unanswered experimentally. In this study we found

Thermodynamics and mechanisms of protonated diglycine decomposition: a guided ion beam study.

P B Armentrout et al.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 23(4), 632-643 (2011-09-29)

We present a full molecular description of fragmentation reactions of protonated diglycine (H(+)GG) by studying their collision-induced dissociation (CID) with Xe using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer (GIBMS). Analysis of the kinetic energy-dependent CID cross sections provides the

Polyglutamine toxicity in yeast induces metabolic alterations and mitochondrial defects.

Katharina Papsdorf et al.

BMC genomics, 16, 662-662 (2015-09-04)

Protein aggregation and its pathological effects are the major cause of several neurodegenerative diseases. In Huntington's disease an elongated stretch of polyglutamines within the protein Huntingtin leads to increased aggregation propensity. This induces cellular defects, culminating in neuronal loss, but

Characterizing ubiquitination sites by peptide-based immunoaffinity enrichment.

Daisy Bustos et al.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, 11(12), 1529-1540 (2012-06-26)

Advances in high resolution tandem mass spectrometry and peptide enrichment technologies have transformed the field of protein biochemistry by enabling analysis of end points that have traditionally been inaccessible to molecular and biochemical techniques. One field benefitting from this research

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of tigecycline.

Helen Giamarellou et al.

Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 7(11), 1459-1470 (2011-10-01)

As the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) organisms constitutes a real threat for patients, new antimicrobials are needed. Tigecycline, the first-in-class glycylcycline, possesses an extended spectrum of antimicrobial activity including MDR and XDR organisms, which holds promise

Can Indirect Herbicide Exposure Modify the Response of the Colorado Potato Beetle to an Organophosphate Insecticide?

Aigi Margus et al.

Journal of economic entomology, 112(5), 2316-2323 (2019-05-14)

Organisms live in complex multivariate environments. In agroecosystems, this complexity is often human-induced as pest individuals can be exposed to many xenobiotics simultaneously. Predicting the effects of multiple stressors can be problematic, as two or more stressors can have interactive

Human PEPT1 pharmacophore distinguishes between dipeptide transport and binding.

Balvinder S Vig et al.

Journal of medicinal chemistry, 49(12), 3636-3644 (2006-06-09)

The human intestinal oligopeptide transporter (PEPT1) facilitates the absorption of dipeptides, tripeptides, and many peptidomimetic drugs. In this study, a large number of peptides were selected to investigate the structural features required for PEPT1 transport. Binding affinity was determined in

Dipeptide forms of glycine support mouse preimplantation embryo development in vitro and provide protection against high media osmolality.

Molly Moravek et al.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 29(3), 283-290 (2012-01-17)

To examine potential benefits of dipeptide forms of amino acids for embryo culture by determining ability of dipeptide glycine forms to support embryo development, act as osmolytes, and reduce ammonia production. Frozen thawed 1-cell mouse embryos were cultured in media

Transport and signaling via the amino acid binding site of the yeast Gap1 amino acid transceptor.

Griet Van Zeebroeck et al.

Nature chemical biology, 5(1), 45-52 (2008-12-09)

Transporter-related nutrient sensors, called transceptors, mediate nutrient activation of signaling pathways through the plasma membrane. The mechanism of action of transporting and nontransporting transceptors is unknown. We have screened 319 amino acid analogs to identify compounds that act on Gap1

Arabidopsis HFR1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the Xanthomonas type III effector XopD(Xcc8004).

Choon Meng Tan et al.

PloS one, 10(2), e0117067-e0117067 (2015-02-04)

XopDXcc8004, a type III effector of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) 8004, is considered a shorter version of the XopD, which lacks the N-terminal domain. To understand the functions of XopDXcc8004, in planta, a transgenic approach combined with inducible promoter

Thermodynamics and mechanisms of protonated diglycine decomposition: a computational study.

P B Armentrout et al.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 23(4), 621-631 (2011-09-29)

We present a full computational description of the fragmentation reactions of protonated diglycine (H(+)GG). Relaxed potential energy surface scans performed at B3LYP/6-31 G(d) or B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) levels are used to map the reaction coordinate surfaces and identify the transition states (TSs) and

Exogenous vs. endogenous gamma-glutamyltransferase activity: Implications for the specific determination of S-nitrosoglutathione in biological samples.

Emilia Bramanti et al.

Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 487(2), 146-152 (2009-05-27)

The determination of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) levels in biological fluids is controversial, partly due to the laborious sample handling and multiple pretreatment steps required by current techniques. GSNO decomposition can be effected by the enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), whose involvement in GSNO

Recurrence of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency in Turkish patients: characterization of a founder mutation by use of recombinant CPS1 from insect cells expression.

Liyan Hu et al.

Molecular genetics and metabolism, 113(4), 267-273 (2014-11-21)

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency due to CPS1 mutations is a rare autosomal-recessive urea cycle disorder causing hyperammonemia that can lead to death or severe neurological impairment. CPS1 catalyzes carbamoyl phosphate formation from ammonia, bicarbonate and two molecules of

Over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed growth and invasion of cancer cells is associated with up-regulation of let-7 microRNA.

Cheng-Han Tsai et al.

Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1852(5), 851-861 (2015-01-20)

Cofilin-1, a non-muscle isoform of actin regulatory protein that belongs to the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family is known to affect cancer development. Previously, we found that over-expression of cofilin-1 suppressed the growth and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer

Refined preparation and use of anti-diglycine remnant (K-ε-GG) antibody enables routine quantification of 10,000s of ubiquitination sites in single proteomics experiments.

Namrata D Udeshi et al.

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP, 12(3), 825-831 (2012-12-26)

Detection of endogenous ubiquitination sites by mass spectrometry has dramatically improved with the commercialization of anti-di-glycine remnant (K-ε-GG) antibodies. Here, we describe a number of improvements to the K-ε-GG enrichment workflow, including optimized antibody and peptide input requirements, antibody cross-linking

Open questions in origin of life: experimental studies on the origin of nucleic acids and proteins with specific and functional sequences by a chemical synthetic biology approach

Katarzyna A

Computational and structural biotechnology journal, 9, e201402004-e201402004 (2014)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme for noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis.

Cumali Efe et al.

European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 27(6), 649-654 (2015-04-11)

There are no validated noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). An activated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its key element angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrogenesis. We aimed to study the assumed

THE GLYCYLGLYCINE DIPEPTIDASES OF SKELETAL
MUSCLE AND HUMAN UTERUS*

EMIL L. SMITH

The Journal of Biological Chemistry (1947)

Analogy to a Chinese knot in an ion-pair copper(II)-neodymium(III) complex based on a hexadentate Schiff base condensation product of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and glycylglycine.

Li-Qing Xu et al.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Crystal structure communications, 69(Pt 4), 376-379 (2013-04-13)

Self-assembly of CuCl2, NdCl3, 5-bromosalicylaldehyde and glycylglycine yields the ion-pair copper(II)-neodymium(III) complex, poly[[decaaquabis[μ3-2-({2-[(5-bromo-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]acetyl}azanidyl)acetato]bis[μ2-2-({2-[(5-bromo-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]acetyl}azanidyl)acetato]tetracopper(II)dineodymium(III)] bis{[2-({2-[(5-bromo-2-oxidobenzylidene)amino]acetyl}azanidyl)acetato]cuprate(II)} tetradecahydrate], {[Cu4Nd2(C11H8BrN2O4)4(H2O)10][Cu(C11H8BrN2O4)]2·14H2O}n. The anion is planar and mononuclear, showing an approximately square-planar coordination of the metal atom, while the cation is a hexanuclear centrosymmetric transition metal-lanthanide

CREB SUMOylation by the E3 ligase PIAS1 enhances spatial memory.

Yan-Chu Chen et al.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(29), 9574-9589 (2014-07-18)

cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and signaling plays an important role in long-term memory formation, but other posttranslational modifications of CREB are less known. Here, we found that CREB1Δ, the short isoform of CREB, could be sumoylated by the

Alignment control and softness creation in hair with glycylglycine.

Steven Breakspear et al.

Journal of cosmetic science, 64(1), 19-33 (2013-03-02)

Thick and coarse hair, as typically found among the Japanese population, frequently lacks softness that consumers are acutely aware of. Such poor feeling is accentuated by daily grooming, weathering, and chemical treatments, in particular, which can cause changes in the

Iminopyridine complexes of manganese, rhenium, and molybdenum derived from amino ester methylserine and peptides Gly-Gly, Gly-Val, and Gly-Gly-Gly: self-assembly of the peptide chains.

Celedonio M Álvarez et al.

Inorganic chemistry, 51(5), 2984-2996 (2012-02-15)

Complexes containing pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (pyca) ligand acting as κ(2)-(N,O) chelates in [MX(CO)(3)(pyca)] (M = Mn, Re; X = Cl, Br), or [MoX(methallyl)(CO)(2)(pyca)] (X = Cl, Br), are good precursors for iminopyridine complexes derived from amino esters and peptides of formula [MX(CO)(3)(py-2-C(H)═NCHX-COOY)]

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