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Shanli Tsui et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 286(27), 24487-24499 (2011-05-18)
UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes the formation of UDP-glucuronate. Glucuronate represents an integral component of the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan, which accumulates in orbital Graves disease. Here we report that orbital fibroblasts express higher levels of UGDH than do those from skin. This
Björn Rissiek et al.
Current topics in microbiology and immunology, 384, 107-126 (2014-07-23)
ADP-ribosyltransferases comprise a family of enzymes originally discovered as bacterial toxins and later characterised also in mammals. In mice, the ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTC2.2 is expressed at the surface of T lymphocytes and has been studied extensively. In the presence of extracellular
Sheena Banh et al.
FEBS letters, 587(12), 1799-1804 (2013-05-15)
Mitochondria have the capacity to produce and consume H2O2. We examined H2O2 metabolism in isolated rat skeletal muscle mitochondria and found that the substrate-dependent capacity to consume extramitochondrial H2O2 was markedly higher than the observed rate of H2O2 efflux from
Lucian Farcal et al.
PloS one, 10(5), e0127174-e0127174 (2015-05-23)
Nanomaterials (NMs) display many unique and useful physico-chemical properties. However, reliable approaches are needed for risk assessment of NMs. The present study was performed in the FP7-MARINA project, with the objective to identify and evaluate in vitro test methods for
Yun-Juan Bao et al.
Journal of bacteriology, 197(19), 3191-3205 (2015-07-29)
The two-component control of virulence (Cov) regulator (R)-sensor (S) (CovRS) regulates the virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]). Inactivation of CovS during infection switches the pathogenicity of GAS to a more invasive form by regulating transcription of diverse
Alina Gajewska et al.
Journal of molecular endocrinology, 53(3), 355-366 (2014-09-27)
EGR1 and PITX1 are transcription factors required for gonadotroph cell Lhb promoter activation. To determine changes in Egr1 and Pitx1 mRNA levels in central and peripheral pituitary stimulations, an in vivo model based on i.c.v. pulsatile (1 pulse/0.5 h over 2 h)
Carlotta Debnar-Daumler et al.
Journal of bacteriology, 196(2), 483-492 (2013-11-12)
Anaerobic phenylalanine metabolism in the denitrifying betaproteobacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum is initiated by conversion of phenylalanine to phenylacetate, which is further metabolized via benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA). The formation of phenylacetate is catalyzed by phenylalanine transaminase, phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, and a phenylacetaldehyde-oxidizing enzyme.
Margit Heiske et al.
Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1837(10), 1707-1716 (2014-07-30)
The mitochondrial respiratory chain plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and its dysfunction is implicated in a wide range of human diseases. In order to understand the global expression of local mutations in the rate of oxygen consumption or
Jia-Xuan Qiu et al.
Drug design, development and therapy, 9, 349-417 (2015-01-23)
Plumbagin (PLB) has exhibited a potent anticancer effect in preclinical studies, but the molecular interactome remains elusive. This study aimed to compare the quantitative proteomic responses to PLB treatment in human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cells using the approach
Tine D Schrøder et al.
The FEBS journal, 280(23), 6033-6044 (2013-09-14)
We have studied oscillating glycolysis in the strain BY4743 and isogenic strains with deletions of genes encoding enzymes in glycolysis, mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis. We found that deletion of the gene encoding the hexokinase 1 isoform does not
Tara Teslaa et al.
The EMBO journal, 34(2), 138-153 (2014-12-06)
Recent studies link changes in energy metabolism with the fate of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Safe use of PSC derivatives in regenerative medicine requires an enhanced understanding and control of factors that optimize in vitro reprogramming and differentiation protocols. Relative
Clara Bien Peek et al.
Science (New York, N.Y.), 342(6158), 1243417-1243417 (2013-09-21)
Circadian clocks are self-sustained cellular oscillators that synchronize oxidative and reductive cycles in anticipation of the solar cycle. We found that the clock transcription feedback loop produces cycles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) biosynthesis, adenosine triphosphate production, and mitochondrial respiration
Sukantha Chandrasekaran et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 288(27), 20064-20075 (2013-05-22)
The Streptococcus pyogenes NAD(+) glycohydrolase (SPN) is secreted from the bacterial cell and translocated into the host cell cytosol where it contributes to cell death. Recent studies suggest that SPN is evolving and has diverged into NAD(+) glycohydrolase-inactive variants that
Jennifer M Hughes-Large et al.
Atherosclerosis, 237(2), 696-704 (2014-12-03)
Niacin (nicotinic acid) as a monotherapy can reduce vascular disease risk, but its mechanism of action remains controversial, and may not be dependent on systemic lipid modifying effects. Niacin has recently been shown to improve endothelial function and vascular regeneration
Mayur Dembla et al.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 34(15), 5245-5260 (2014-04-11)
Ribbon synapses are tonically active synapses in the retina and inner ear with intense vesicle traffic. How this traffic is organized and regulated is still unknown. Synaptic ribbons, large presynaptic structures associated with numerous synaptic vesicles, appear to be essential
Teresa Anna Giancaspero et al.
Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2013, 612784-612784 (2013-10-01)
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are two redox cofactors of pivotal importance for mitochondrial functionality and cellular redox balance. Despite their relevance, the mechanism by which intramitochondrial NAD(H) and FAD levels are maintained remains quite unclear
Angela M Otto et al.
Journal of cellular biochemistry, 116(5), 822-835 (2014-12-23)
Characteristic of the tumor microenvironment are fluctuating gradients of reduced nutrient levels and released lactate. A fundamental issue is how tumor cells modulate their metabolic activity when both glucose and glutamine levels become limiting in the presence of high exogenous
Xiao-Hua Li et al.
BioMed research international, 2015, 649878-649878 (2015-12-22)
Haemophilus parasuis can cause Glässer's disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis. The current prevention of Glässer's disease is mainly based on the inactive vaccines; however, the protective efficacy usually fails in heterogeneous or homologous challenges. Here, the predominant
Douglas L Huseby et al.
Journal of bacteriology, 195(12), 2864-2879 (2013-04-16)
Microcompartments are loose protein cages that encapsulate enzymes for particular bacterial metabolic pathways. These structures are thought to retain and perhaps concentrate pools of small, uncharged intermediates that would otherwise diffuse from the cell. In Salmonella enterica, a microcompartment encloses
Chandramohan Wakade et al.
PloS one, 9(10), e109818-e109818 (2014-10-21)
Anecdotal animal and human studies have implicated the symptomatic and neuroprotective roles of niacin in Parkinson's disease (PD). Niacin has a high affinity for GPR109A, an anti-inflammatory receptor. Niacin is also thought to be involved in the regulation of circadian
Natalie Kozyrev et al.
PloS one, 10(3), e0121130-e0121130 (2015-04-01)
Ejaculation is controlled by a spinal ejaculation generator located in the lumbosacral spinal cord, consisting in male rats of lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) cells and their inter-spinal projections to autonomic and motor centers. LSt cells co-express several neuropeptides, including gastrin releasing
Kazue Terasawa et al.
Journal of immunological methods, 420, 1-10 (2015-03-17)
A rabbit monoclonal antibody (Abcam ab124797), with high affinity for a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal region of the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL), specifically recognizes a 37 kDa protein by immunoblotting, in good agreement with
Megumi Uetaki et al.
Scientific reports, 5, 13896-13896 (2015-09-10)
Intravenous administration of high-dose vitamin C has recently attracted attention as a cancer therapy. High-dose vitamin C induces pro-oxidant effects and selectively kills cancer cells. However, the anticancer mechanisms of vitamin C are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed metabolic
Rubí Viedma-Rodríguez et al.
Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine, 36(9), 6991-7005 (2015-04-12)
Majority of women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers initially respond to hormone therapies such as tamoxifen (TAM; antagonist of estrogen). However, many tumors eventually become resistant to TAM. Therefore, understanding the various cellular components involved in causing resistance to
Joan J Soldevila-Barreda et al.
Nature communications, 6, 6582-6582 (2015-03-21)
Organometallic complexes are effective hydrogenation catalysts for organic reactions. For example, Noyori-type ruthenium complexes catalyse reduction of ketones by transfer of hydride from formate. Here we show that such catalytic reactions can be achieved in cancer cells, offering a new
Hening Lin
Organic & biomolecular chemistry, 5(16), 2541-2554 (2007-11-21)
ADP-ribosylation using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important type of enzymatic reaction that affects many biological processes. A brief introductory review is given here to various ADP-ribosyltransferases, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs), mono(ADP-ribosyl)-transferases (ARTs), NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases (sirtuins), tRNA 2'-phosphotransferases, and
Anastasia A Zutkis et al.
PloS one, 9(12), e114784-e114784 (2014-12-09)
Streptococcus pyogenes adapts to different niches encountered in the human host via the activity of numerous regulatory proteins including the Rgg family of transcriptional regulators. The S. pyogenes chromosome encodes four Rgg paralogues designated Rgg1 (RopB), Rgg2 (MutR), Rgg3, and
Melinda A Mittelman-Smith et al.
Endocrinology, 156(6), 2162-2173 (2015-03-03)
The neuropeptide kisspeptin is essential for sexual maturation and reproductive function. In particular, kisspeptin-expressing neurons in the anterior rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle are generally recognized as mediators of estrogen positive feedback for the surge release of LH
Kohji Yamamoto et al.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 538(2), 156-163 (2013-09-10)
A new member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily with 3-dehydroecdysone reductase activity was found in the silkworm Bombyx mori upon induction by the insecticide diazinon. The amino acid sequence showed that this enzyme belongs to the AKR2 family, and
Y Gong et al.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 18(19), 2808-2820 (2014-10-24)
Obesity has long been suspected to be a risk factor for cancer. The relationship between body fat deposition and the pathogenesis of cancer has been the subject of many studies, however, no clear consensus has emerged linking these two biological
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