P6532

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The role of phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholic acid in inflammation.

Su Jin Chung et al.

Life sciences, 108(2), 88-93 (2014-06-01)

Phosphatidylcholine with deoxycholic acid (PC/DA) is widely used to reduce localized fat deposits with mild adverse effects. We previously demonstrated that PC induces lipolysis with mild PMN infiltration, while DA induces adipose tissue damage. Therefore, the aim of this study

Antidiarrheal activity of cashew GUM, a complex heteropolysaccharide extracted from exudate of Anacardium occidentale L. in rodents.

Thiago S L Araújo et al.

Journal of ethnopharmacology, 174, 299-307 (2015-08-25)

Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) is commonly known as the cashew tree. It is native to tropical America and extracts of the leaves, bark, roots, chestnut net and exudate have been traditionally used in northeast Brazil for the treatment of various

Lipid isolated from a Leishmania donovani strain reduces Escherichia coli induced sepsis in mice through inhibition of inflammatory responses.

Subhadip Das et al.

Mediators of inflammation, 2014, 409694-409694 (2014-08-15)

Sepsis is the reflection of systemic immune response that manifests in the sequential inflammatory process in presence of infection. This may occur as a result of gram-negative bacterial sepsis including Escherichia coli infection that gives rise to excessive production of

Ex vivo gene delivery to synovium using foamy viral vectors.

Nicole Armbruster et al.

The journal of gene medicine, 16(7-8), 166-178 (2014-07-22)

Gene transfer technologies have the potential to fundamentally improve current therapies for arthritic conditions, although this is essentially dependent on safe and efficient vector systems. The foamy virus (FV)-based vectors have many safety features that favour their use in the

Sarin-induced brain damage in rats is attenuated by delayed administration of midazolam.

Shira Chapman et al.

Neurotoxicology, 49, 132-138 (2015-05-16)

Sarin poisoned rats display a hyper-cholinergic activity including hypersalivation, tremors, seizures and death. Here we studied the time and dose effects of midazolam treatment following nerve agent exposure. Rats were exposed to sarin (1.2 LD50, 108 μg/kg, im), and treated

Interference of Ca²⁺ with the proliferation of SCCOHT-1 and ovarian adenocarcinoma cells.

Anna Otte et al.

International journal of oncology, 45(3), 1151-1158 (2014-06-28)

A recently established cellular model for the rare small cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT-1) was characterized in comparison to ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (NIH:OVCAR-3 and SK-OV-3). The different cancer populations exhibited a common sensitivity in acidic pH milieu

Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, α subunit and cAMP-response element binding protein 1 in synergistic release of interleukin 8 by prostaglandin E2 and nickel in lung fibroblasts.

Kelly A Brant et al.

American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 49(1), 105-113 (2013-03-26)

Numerous epidemiological studies have linked exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution with acute respiratory infection and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that soluble nickel (Ni), a common component of PM, alters the release of CXC

The role of prostaglandin E2 in endometriosis.

Keith Sacco et al.

Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 28(2), 134-138 (2011-10-19)

Endometriosis is a leading cause of infertility in women of reproductive age. It involves the occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine endometrium, mainly in the peritoneal cavity. Prostaglandin E(2) is up regulated in the peritoneal cavity in endometriosis and

Dendritic cell regulation of NK-cell responses involves lymphotoxin-α, IL-12, and TGF-β.

Dhifaf Sarhan et al.

European journal of immunology, 45(6), 1783-1793 (2015-03-17)

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce T-cell responses in cancer patients. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of DC vaccines in shaping natural killer (NK) cell responses. Here, we observe that NK cells are less activated following

Suppressive effects of total alkaloids of Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

Ke Pan et al.

Journal of ethnopharmacology, 159, 17-22 (2014-12-03)

Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides is a folk medicine used to treat inflammation-associated diseases including rheumatoid arthritis in South China. Since the major secondary metabolites in Lycopodiastrum casuarinoides are alkaloids, the present study aims to investigate the suppressive effects of total alkaloids of

Multiple roles for NaV1.9 in the activation of visceral afferents by noxious inflammatory, mechanical, and human disease-derived stimuli.

James R F Hockley et al.

Pain, 155(10), 1962-1975 (2014-06-28)

Chronic visceral pain affects millions of individuals worldwide and remains poorly understood, with current therapeutic options constrained by gastrointestinal adverse effects. Visceral pain is strongly associated with inflammation and distension of the gut. Here we report that the voltage-gated sodium

Human mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate graft-versus-host disease and maintain graft-versus-leukemia activity following experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Jeffery J Auletta et al.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio), 33(2), 601-614 (2014-10-23)

We sought to define the effects and underlying mechanisms of human, marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) on graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) activity. Irradiated B6D2F1 mice given C57BL/6 BM and splenic T cells and treated with hMSCs had reduced

Role of an excitatory preoptic-raphé pathway in febrile vasoconstriction of the rat's tail.

Mutsumi Tanaka et al.

American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 305(12), R1479-R1489 (2013-10-18)

Heat dissipation from the rat's tail is reduced in response to cold and during fever. The sympathetic premotor neurons for this mechanism, located in the medullary raphé, are under tonic inhibitory control from the preoptic area. In parallel with the

Hypoxia modulates the phenotype of osteoblasts isolated from knee osteoarthritis patients, leading to undermineralized bone nodule formation.

Joan Chang et al.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 66(7), 1789-1799 (2014-02-28)

To investigate the role of hypoxia in the pathology of osteoarthritic (OA) bone by exploring its effect on the phenotype of isolated primary osteoblasts from patients with knee OA. OA bone samples were collected at the time of elective joint

The novel benzimidazole derivative BRP-7 inhibits leukotriene biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo by targeting 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP).

C Pergola et al.

British journal of pharmacology, 171(12), 3051-3064 (2014-03-20)

Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators produced via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway and are linked to diverse disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis and cardiovascular diseases. We recently identified the benzimidazole derivative BRP-7 as chemotype for anti-LT agents by virtual screening targeting

A chondrocyte infiltrated collagen type I/III membrane (MACI® implant) improves cartilage healing in the equine patellofemoral joint model.

A J Nixon et al.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 23(4), 648-660 (2015-01-13)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has improved outcome in long-term studies of joint repair in man. However, ACI requires sutured periosteal flaps to secure the cells, which precludes minimally-invasive implantation, and introduces complications with arthrofibrosis and graft hypertrophy. This study evaluated

Paracrine communication modulates production of Wnt antagonists and COX1-mediated prostaglandins in a decidual-trophoblast co-culture model.

Sarmah B Nayeem et al.

Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 405, 52-62 (2015-02-15)

Wnt signalling has important roles in decidualisation, implantation and placentation. We investigated the role of decidua-trophoblast communication and Wnt signalling in the placenta using a co-culture model. Expression of a wide range of Wnt-related genes was observed in both decidual

Cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells restrains atherogenesis in hyperlipidemic mice.

Soon Yew Tang et al.

Circulation, 129(17), 1761-1769 (2014-02-13)

Placebo-controlled trials of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs selective for inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) reveal an emergent cardiovascular hazard in patients selected for low risk of heart disease. Postnatal global deletion of COX-2 accelerates atherogenesis in hyperlipidemic mice, a process delayed by

Cost-effectiveness of induction of labour at term with a Foley catheter compared to vaginal prostaglandin E₂ gel (PROBAAT trial).

G J van Baaren et al.

BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 120(8), 987-995 (2013-03-28)

To assess the economic consequences of labour induction with Foley catheter compared to prostaglandin E2 gel. Economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. Obstetric departments of one university and 11 teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. Women scheduled for labour induction

Novel PDE4 inhibitors derived from Chinese medicine forsythia.

Tiffany A Coon et al.

PloS one, 9(12), e115937-e115937 (2014-12-31)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a crucial intracellular second messenger molecule that converts extracellular molecules to intracellular signal transduction pathways generating cell- and stimulus-specific effects. Importantly, specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) subtypes control the amplitude and duration of cAMP-induced physiological processes and

Biological responses of three-dimensional cultured fibroblasts by sustained compressive loading include apoptosis and survival activity.

Toshiki Kanazawa et al.

PloS one, 9(8), e104676-e104676 (2014-08-08)

Pressure ulcers are characterized by chronicity, which results in delayed wound healing due to pressure. Early intervention for preventing delayed healing due to pressure requires a prediction method. However, no study has reported the prediction of delayed healing due to

Arachidonic acid-dependent gene regulation during preadipocyte differentiation controls adipocyte potential.

Evanthia Nikolopoulou et al.

Journal of lipid research, 55(12), 2479-2490 (2014-10-18)

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a major PUFA that has been implicated in the regulation of adipogenesis. We examined the effect of a short exposure to AA at different stages of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. AA caused the upregulation of fatty acid

Molecular inhibition of prostaglandin E2 with GW627368X: Therapeutic potential and preclinical safety assessment in mouse sarcoma model.

Sheetal Parida et al.

Cancer biology & therapy, 16(6), 922-932 (2015-04-22)

Prostaglandin E2, the major COX-2 product, acts via 4 functionally distinct prostanoid receptors, EP(1-4). PGE-2, through its receptors, feeds back to positively increase COX-2 expression augmenting its own synthesis thereby driving angiogenesis, while suppressing apoptosis and innate immunity. In addition

Adrenal and gonadal contributions to urinary excretion and plasma concentration of epitestosterone in men--effect of adrenal stimulation and implications for detection of testosterone abuse.

A T Kicman et al.

Clinical endocrinology, 50(5), 661-668 (1999-09-01)

The ratio of urinary testosterone (T) to epitestosterone (EpiT) is used to detect T abuse in sport. Also, plasma or urinary concentrations of EpiT have been measured to assess testicular steroidogenesis during hormonal male contraception. Further investigations are required to

Targeting the inflammatory response in tuberculosis.

Jon S Friedland

The New England journal of medicine, 371(14), 1354-1356 (2014-10-02)

Efficacy of HBV-pulsed DCs in combination with entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.

Mei-Juan Wei et al.

International immunopharmacology, 27(2), 238-243 (2015-06-30)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are multifunctional cells that initiate adaptive immune responses. Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have reduced numbers of DCs which may be functionally impaired, a defect that may contribute to viral persistence. Autologous DC-based immunotherapy

Activated glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP)-expressing regulatory T cells inhibit allergen-induced intestinal inflammation in humanized mice.

Melanie Eschborn et al.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 136(1), 159-168 (2015-07-07)

Recently, we developed a humanized mouse model of allergen-induced IgE-dependent gut inflammation in PBMC-engrafted immunodeficient mice. In the present study, we wanted to investigate the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells and their activation status in this model. Nonobese diabetic-severe

Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids independently attenuate plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E3 in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-challenged growing-finishing pigs.

S D Upadhaya et al.

Journal of animal science, 93(6), 2926-2934 (2015-06-27)

This study tested the hypothesis that vitamin E (Vit E) and omega-3 fatty acids will additively attenuate the production of proinflammatory cytokines and PGE2 in immune system–stimulated growing–finishing pigs. A total of 80 mixed sex pigs weighing 50.7 ± 0.76

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Spirulina platensis in comparison to Dunaliella salina in acetic acid-induced rat experimental colitis.

Mohamed M Abdel-Daim et al.

Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology, 37(2), 126-139 (2015-01-09)

Spirulina platensis (SP) is used as a source of protein and vitamin supplement in humans without any significant side-effects. Dunaliella salina (DS) is also regarded as one of the richest natural producers of carotenoid, thus used as a source of

Nitric oxide and reactive species are modulated in the polyphenol-induced ductus arteriosus constriction in pregnant sheep.

Guilherme B Bubols et al.

Prenatal diagnosis, 34(13), 1268-1276 (2014-07-22)

Because we have previously demonstrated the relation between polyphenol-rich foods (PRF) consumption and ductus arteriosus constriction, in this work, pregnant sheep were submitted to oral PRF intake for 14 days to understand how this process occurs. Fetal Doppler echocardiography, oxidative and

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