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Andrei Sibaev et al.
Pharmacological reports : PR, 66(2), 256-263 (2014-06-10)
Endocannabinoids (EC) and the cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor are involved in the regulation of motility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not completely resolved. The purpose of this work was to study the physiological influence of
M R Ruggieri et al.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society, 26(7), 1015-1025 (2014-05-16)
Proper function of the gastro-esophageal high pressure zone is essential for the integrity of the antireflux barrier. Mechanisms include tonic contractions and the decreased tone during transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations. We characterized the pharmacology of nicotinic receptors mediating relaxations
Anna Ermund et al.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 305(5), G341-G347 (2013-07-09)
Colon has been shown to have a two-layered mucus system where the inner layer is devoid of bacteria. However, a complete overview of the mouse gastrointestinal mucus system is lacking. We now characterize mucus release, thickness, growth over time, adhesive
Banu Aydın et al.
Leukemia research, 37(9), 1144-1149 (2013-06-27)
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are members of the superfamily of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Muscarinic receptors are relatively abundant in the central nervous system and in the peripheral parasympathetic nervous system. Several studies have suggested that muscarinic receptors also
Stephen L Schmidt et al.
Neuropharmacology, 72, 259-273 (2013-05-07)
Cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulation play a key role in determining overall behavioral state by shaping the underlying cortical network dynamics. The effects of these systems on synaptic and intrinsic cellular targets are quite diverse and a comprehensive understanding of how
Rupal P Soder et al.
American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 304(2), R155-R163 (2012-11-24)
Overactive bladder (OAB) is often associated with increased involuntary detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) contractions during the bladder-filling phase. To develop novel therapies for OAB, it is critical to better understand the mechanisms that control DSM excitability and contractility. Recent studies
Leila Zarepour et al.
Neuropeptides, 48(3), 179-185 (2014-05-06)
The orexins (hypocretins) are lateral hypothalamic (LH) neuropeptides that have been implicated in a variety of behaviors ranging from feeding to sleep and arousal. Evidence from animal models suggests a role for orexins in reward processing and drug addiction. In
Somayeh Ezzatpanah et al.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 129, 105-110 (2015-01-07)
Electrical and chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces analgesia. Previous studies emphasized the importance of LH in the modulation of nociceptive behaviors in the acute pain models. In the current study, for the first time, we examined the
S Gigout et al.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 388(5), 487-496 (2015-01-17)
Cholinergic transmission plays a pivotal role in learning, memory and cognition, and disturbances of cholinergic transmission have been implicated in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and schizophrenia. Pharmacological alleviation of these diseases by drugs including N-desmethylclozapine (NDMC), promising in
Andrew J Hart et al.
Toxicology letters, 219(3), 262-268 (2013-04-03)
Bites by Australian black snakes (Pseudechis spp.) do not cause neurotoxicity in human envenoming. This is unusual as in vitro neurotoxicity has been reported for all Pseudechis spp. venoms. The present study aimed to identify, isolate and characterise neurotoxins from
F Hubert et al.
British journal of pharmacology, 171(23), 5361-5375 (2014-07-23)
This study examined the role of the main vascular cAMP-hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (cAMP-PDE) in the regulation of basal vascular tone and relaxation of rat aorta mediated by β-adrenoceptors, following heart failure (HF). Twenty-two weeks after proximal aortic stenosis, to induce HF
Vandanajay Bhatia et al.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 307(5), G533-G549 (2014-07-19)
Pancreatitis is a necroinflammatory disease with acute and chronic manifestations. Accumulated damage incurred during repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis (AP) can lead to chronic pancreatitis (CP). Pancreatic parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) levels are elevated in a mouse model of cerulein-induced
Punnee Nusuetrong et al.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet, 95 Suppl 12, S1-S7 (2013-03-22)
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of standardized Phikud Navakot extract (NVKE) on aortic rings from male Sprague Dawley rats. Changes in tension were measured using an isometric force transducer and recorded on the PowerLab
Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri et al.
Peptides, 47, 94-98 (2013-07-31)
Orexin, which is mainly produced by orexin-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), plays an important role in pain modulation. Both kinds of orexin-1 (Ox1) and orexin-2 (Ox2) receptors have been found at high density in the ventral tegmental area
Ning Gao et al.
The Journal of biological chemistry, 288(11), 7596-7605 (2013-01-31)
Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) to initiate contraction. We used a tamoxifen-activated, smooth muscle-specific inactivation of MLCK expression in adult mice to determine whether MLCK was differentially limiting in distinct smooth
Juliane Röthe et al.
Cell reports, 26(6), 1573-1584 (2019-02-07)
Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is a highly complex and tightly regulated process. Its dysregulation is one characteristic of type 2 diabetes, and thus, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms controlling insulin secretion is essential for rational therapeutic intervention.
Barry D Kyle et al.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 305(6), C609-C622 (2013-06-28)
We used the perforated patch-clamp technique at 37°C to investigate the mechanisms underlying the activation of a transient large-conductance K(+) (tBK) current in rabbit urethral smooth muscle cells. The tBK current required an elevation of intracellular Ca(2+), resulting from ryanodine
Shivaram Selvam et al.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 54(4), 2927-2933 (2013-03-21)
To learn whether locally expressed and systemic mediators might modulate the cholinergically induced transepithelial Cl(-) fluxes that underlie lacrimal fluid production. Reconstituted epithelial monolayers were exposed to a submaximal dose of the muscarinic agonist, carbachol (CCh), or to one of
Antonio Celso S Ramos-Filho et al.
Life sciences, 93(22), 820-829 (2013-09-21)
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women, but little is known about its importance to lower urinary tract symptoms. In this study we have used the model of ovariectomized (OVX) estrogen-deficient rats to
Tone Berge Enger et al.
Acta odontologica Scandinavica, 72(7), 549-556 (2014-01-30)
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease, leading to deficient secretion from salivary and lacrimal glands. Saliva production is normally increased by cholinergic innervation, giving rise to intracellular calcium signaling and water transport through water channels (aquaporins, AQPs). The
Giorgio Gandaglia et al.
Neurourology and urodynamics, 33(8), 1251-1258 (2013-09-17)
To study micturition and bladder overactivity in female rats after chronic treatment with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor oleoyl ethyl amide (OEtA). Sprague-Dawley rats received daily subcutaneous injections of OEtA (0.3 mg/kg), or vehicle for 2 weeks. Cystometries, organ
Imane Jemal et al.
Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 466(8), 1635-1646 (2013-11-02)
TRPC5 is an ion channel permeable to monovalent and divalent cations that is widely expressed in different tissues. Although implicated in the control of neurite extension and in the growth cone morphology of hippocampal neurons, as well as in fear-related
Ferran Jardi et al.
Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility, 21(2), 222-235 (2015-04-07)
Enteric dysbiosis is a risk factor for dietary proteins-associated intestinal alterations, contributing to the development of food allergies and the symptomatology of functional gastrointestinal disorders, mainly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We explored if a dysbiotic-like state, simulated by intraperitoneal administration
Takao Morita et al.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 439(4), 433-437 (2013-09-04)
Adenoviruses have been used for gene transfer to salivary gland cells in vivo. Their use to study the function of salivary acinar cells was limited by a severe inflammatory response and by the destruction of fluid-secreting acinar cells. In the
Aurora Valeri et al.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 64(12), 1770-1776 (2012-11-14)
To investigate the effect of St John's wort (SJW) and its active constituents hypericin and hyperforin on detrusor smooth muscle contractility and their possible neuroprotective role against ischaemic-like conditions, which could arise during overactive bladder disease. In whole bladders, intrinsic
Michael Salmon et al.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 345(2), 260-270 (2013-02-26)
Activation of muscarinic subtype 3 (M3) muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs) increases airway tone, whereas its blockade improves lung function and quality of life in patients with pulmonary diseases. The present study evaluated the pharmacological properties of a novel mAChR antagonist
Bilal Omar et al.
Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 63(12), 1568-1576 (2014-10-11)
Although it is known that the islet expression of glucagon receptors is increased in type 2 diabetes, its implication for beta-cell function is not known. To determine whether increased beta cell glucagon receptor expression and action influences multiple aspects of
Daisuke Mori et al.
Journal of pharmacological sciences, 125(4), 394-405 (2014-07-30)
Intestinal inflammation causes disorder in bowel motility. Th17 cytokines are involved in intestinal inflammation. To understand the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in intestinal motility, we examined effects of IL-17A on contractile activities of organ-cultured ileum. Rat ileal smooth muscle strips
Chiara Ruzza et al.
British journal of pharmacology, 171(17), 4125-4137 (2014-04-25)
Peptide welding technology (PWT) is a novel chemical strategy that allows the synthesis of multibranched peptides with high yield, purity and reproducibility. Using this technique, we have synthesized and pharmacologically characterized the tetrabranched derivatives of the tachykinins, substance P (SP)
José M La Fuente et al.
European journal of pharmacology, 735, 68-76 (2014-04-22)
We have analysed the effects of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK) stimulation on neurogenic and myogenic contraction of human bladder from healthy subjects and patients with urinary symptoms and evaluated the efficacy of activating BK to relief bladder hyperactivity in
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