Comparative mapping of human thyrotropin, gonadotropins, and free subunits with antipeptide antibodies.

To compare the structural topology of the human TSH to that of the structurally related gonadotropins, 10 peptides covering the entire primary sequence of the alpha- and beta-subunits of TSH were synthesized and used as antigens for the preparation of polyclonal antibodies. The alpha-subunit was synthesized as 4 nonoverlapping peptides (1-25, 26-51, 49-73, 72-92) while the beta-subunit was segmented in 6 overlapping sequences (2-18, 10-38, 31-51, 53-76, 77-96, 92-112). Most of the peptide sequences were predicted to contain a putative antigenic determinant. All antipeptide antisera were found to bind to the corresponding synthetic sequence in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as to denatured TSH subunits after Western blotting. The N-terminal half of the alpha-subunit was found differentially accessible in TSH and gonadotropins compared to the free subunit: antipeptide-alpha 1-25 antibodies exhibited variable affinity for the four glycoprotein hormones whereas anti-alpha 26-51 displayed a remarkable recognition of free alpha-subunit. Four peptides proved to be accessible in the TSH beta-subunit: the N-terminal peptide (beta 2-18) elicited antibodies that bound to free TSH-beta and poorly to the dimer while antibodies against the C-terminal sequence (beta 92-112) recognized equally well free beta-subunit and TSH. Antipeptide-beta 31-51 antibodies proved to be specific for TSH while the beta 53-76 contiguous peptide appeared accessible in both TSH and gonadotropins. The current findings therefore demonstrate that most of the sequences predicted to contain antigenic sites in the alpha- or the beta-subunits are indeed accessible at the surface of these proteins. Additionally, both subunits appear to contain amino acid sequences that are differentially expressed in TSH and gonadotropins as well as in free and combined subunits.