Comparison of TiO2 nanoparticle and graphene-TiO2 nanoparticle composite phototoxicity to Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes.

Comparison of TiO2 nanoparticle and graphene-TiO2 nanoparticle composite phototoxicity to Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes.

Chemosphere (2014-07-23)

Shibin Li, Xuan Pan, Lindsay K Wallis, Zhaoyang Fan, ZuLiang Chen, Stephen A Diamond

ABSTRACT

With a dramatic rise in complexity, needs of nanotoxicology research go beyond simple forms of nanomaterials. This study compared the phototoxicity of nano-TiO2 and graphene-TiO2 nanocomposite (GNP). GNP was synthesized based on a hydrothermal method, which simultaneously performed the reduction of graphene oxide and nano-TiO2 loading. A series of acute toxicity tests of nano-TiO2, graphene and GNP was performed on two aquatic organisms, Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes. Fast and substantial agglomeration and sedimentation of nanoparticles in test media and surface attachment of nano-TiO2 and GNP on D. magna surface was observed. Similar phototoxicity of nano-TiO2 and GNP for both species existed, though compared with nano-TiO2, GNP had a 2.3-fold increase in visible light photocatalytic ROS generation. In summary, this study demonstrated the significance of illumination spectrum, particle behavior, and species sensitivity on nanophototoxicity, and the needs for research on increasingly sophisticated functional materials.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

224227

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, rutile, powder, <5 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

282863

Sigma-Aldrich

Graphite, powder, <20 μm, synthetic

204730

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, rutile, 99.995% trace metals basis

232033

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, anatase, powder, 99.8% trace metals basis

204757

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, rutile, ≥99.98% trace metals basis

460400

Sigma-Aldrich

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496553

Sigma-Aldrich

Graphite, rod, L 150 mm, diam. 6 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

496596

Sigma-Aldrich

Graphite, powder, <45 μm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

496588

Sigma-Aldrich

Graphite, powder, <150 μm, 99.99% trace metals basis

248576

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, anatase, powder, −325 mesh, ≥99% trace metals basis

369489

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

496537

Sigma-Aldrich

Graphite, rod, L 150 mm, diam. 3 mm, low density, 99.995% trace metals basis

332461

Sigma-Aldrich

Graphite, flakes

700347

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, mixture of rutile and anatase, nanoparticles, <150 nm particle size (volume distribution, DLS), dispersion, 40 wt. % in H₂O, 99.5% trace metals basis

637262

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, rutile, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size, 99.5% trace metals basis

637254

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, anatase, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size, 99.7% trace metals basis

635057

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, rutile, <001>, (single crystal substrate), ≥99.9% trace metals basis, L × W × thickness 10 mm × 10 mm × 0.5 mm

634662

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium(IV) oxide, mixture of rutile and anatase, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (BET), 99.5% trace metals basis

GF47404201

Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.20mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF03838282

Titanium, rod, 500mm, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF25290581

Titanium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 25.4mm, inside diameter 23.62mm, wall thickness 0.89mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF10374678

Titanium, rod, 500mm, diameter 5mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF20882998

Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 5mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF17705516

Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF03916290

Titanium, rod, 490mm, diameter 2mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF65694426

Titanium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.6mm, inside diameter 1.2mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, hard, 99.6+%

GF12929744

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 112.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF58567067

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF16031843

Titanium, mesh, 100x100mm, nominal aperture 0.19mm, wire diameter 0.23mm, 60x60 wires/inch, open area 20%, twill weave

GF69259315

Titanium, rod, 500mm, diameter 6mm, annealed, 99.6+%